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nursing research > exam ii: ch10 > Flashcards

exam ii: ch10 Flashcards

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1
Q

process where we assign #s using a set of rules

A

measurement

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2
Q

concrete objective things such as O2 sat, temp, weight

A

direct measures

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3
Q

abstract concepts such as pain, depression, coping, self-care, and self esteem

A

indirect measures

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4
Q

type of measurement: lowest level; categories that are different, mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories
- labeled and named categories

A

nominal

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5
Q

type of measurement: order/ranking imposed on categories; numbers MUST preserve order into categories which have a natural order/rank

A

ordinal

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6
Q

type of measurement: equal numerical distances between intervals; absence of a zero point
- ex: likert scales

A

interval

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7
Q

type of measurement: highest form of measurement; continuum of values, NEED to have absolute zero point

A

ratio

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8
Q

difference between the true measure + what is actually measured

A

measurement error

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9
Q

type of measurement error: variation in measurement is in the same direction/pattern

A

systematic error

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10
Q

type of measurement error: the difference is without pattern

A

random error

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11
Q

focuses on the consistency of a measurement method; determines measurement error in instrument/scale in study

A

reliability

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12
Q

explain the following reliability scores:
- 1.00
- 0.00
- 0.80

A
  • 1.00: perfect reliability
  • 0.00: no reliability
  • 0.80: lowest acceptable coefficient for well dev measurement tool
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13
Q

stability, equivalence, internal consistency (homogeneity)

A

types of reliability

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14
Q

concerned with the consistency of repeated measures or test-retest reliability

A

stability

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15
Q

focused on comparing 2 ver of the same instrument (alt forms reliability) or two observers (interrator reliability) measuring the same event

A

equivalence

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16
Q

addresses the correlation of various items within the instrument/internal consistency;
- determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient

A

internal consistency

17
Q

consistency in raters

A

interrator reliability

18
Q

how to calculate interrator reliability?

A

% = number of behaviors performed/total number of behaviors

19
Q

how well an instrument measures the abstract concept it was developed to measure

A

validity

20
Q

proportion of patients with the condition/disease with positive test

A

sensitivity ratio

21
Q

proportion of patients without the disease who have a negative result

A

specificity ratio

22
Q

determine the likelihood that a positive result is a true positive (based off of sensitivity and specificity results)

A

likelihood ratio

23
Q

type of measurement strat: quantify the level of functioning of the human being

A

physiological measurements

24
Q

type of measurement strat: interaction between study participants and observer(s), has the opportunity to watch the participant perform in a specific setting
- usually in qualitative studies

A

observational measurement

25
Q

type of measurement strat: verbal communication between the researcher and the study participant, during which info is provided to the researcher

A

interviews

26
Q

type of measurement strat: self report form designed to elicit information through written, verbal, or electronic responses of the study participant

A

questionnaires

27
Q

rating, likert, semantic differntial, visual analog

A

types of scales

28
Q

addresses the extent to which the instrument measures what it is supposed to measure in a study

A

accuracy

29
Q

degree of consistency or reproducibility of measurements made with physiological instruments

A

precision

30
Q

explain the difference between semantic and likert scale?

A

semantic: circles to choose are not labeled, just in a spectrum of very satisfied to very dis-satisfied

31
Q

what is an important rule with interval data?

A

there must be equal numerical distances between intervals

32
Q

what is the lowest form of measurement?

A

nominal

33
Q

what is the highest form of measurement

A

ratio

34
Q

what is the benefit of measuring a concept with multiple methods?

A

decreases measurement error + increases understanding of the concept

35
Q

what concepts are associated with reliability testing?

A

dependability, consistency, accuracy, and compatibility

36
Q

what ratios are used to determine a gold standard?

A

sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio

nursing research (16 decks)

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