exam anglais Flashcards
Vocabulary
– Airport (1) and (2) . (SEE IMAGE)
done
Acronym
or Term
Meaning (Fr?)
Declared
Distances : Published, official distances for performance planning. Strict definitions.
« distances déclarées »
Threshold: Beginning of runway. “piano keys” « seuil de piste »
Displaced
Threshold: Official beginning of landing distance. May land prior to this if done
carefully. « seuil décalé »
Clearway:Beyond end of runway, no obstacles « Prolongement dégagé »
Stopway:End of runway, emergency stopping use only « Prolongement d’arrêt »
ASDA: Accelerate/Stop Distance Available; includes stopway
LDA: Landing Distance Available; from displaced threshold to runway end
TORA:Take-Off Run Available; from threshold (not displaced) to runway end
TODA:Take-Off Distance Available (includes stopway and clearway)
Traffic Pattern (Circuit) see image
done
CARs, Standards
avigation Charts:
- Advisory Circulars
- CARs, Standards: Rarely change
- Navigation Charts: as required
- CAP, CFS, etc Renewal/Reissue Cycle?
- Advisory Circulars
– Issued by TC to help understand how to comply
with current regulations and standards
- Changes between 56-day cycles?
Changes between 56-day cycles?
* Short duration: NOTAM
* Longer duration, or graphical explanations
needed:
– AIP Supplements and
– Aeronautical Information Circulars
AICs
- Example of AIC
- Published in advance
- Detailed information
- Not yet in publications
NOTAMs
- Short-notice changes
- Canada now uses ICAO format
Template for copying (e.g.) atis
ATIS: Place Letter
Wind
Altimeter
Sky
Temp/DP
RW
Taxi
Notes
- What general term can be used to
describe ALL flying machines? - Heavier than air machines?
- Lighter than air machines?
- What general term can be used to
describe ALL flying machines?
– Aircraft - Heavier than air machines?
– Aerodyne - Lighter than air machines?
– Aerostat
Lighter than air (aerostats)
Sorts of aerostats: self-propelled?
Lighter than air, not guided?
A ‘brand name’ used for dirigeables?
- Sorts of aerostats: self-propelled?
– Dirigeables - Lighter than air, not guided?
– Balloons - A ‘brand name’ used for dirigeables?
– Zeppelin
Aircraft Categories
Fixed-wing machines?
Categories of aircraft (CARs):
Ultra-légers?
Autogire?
Last, but not least: Helicopter
- Fixed-wing machines?
– Aeroplane, or Airplane (British vs US) - Categories of aircraft (CARs):
– Fixed-wing machines = Aeroplanes - Ultra-légers?
– Ultralight - Autogire?
– Autogyro - Last, but not least: Helicopter
Aircraft Classes
- By number of engines
- Bush vs other:
- Types?
- By number of engines:
– Single engine(d)
– Multi engine(d) - Bush vs other:
– Land planes
– Float planes - Types?
– Specific type, such as Beech C-23
Classes and Types of Aircraft (summary)
- Aircraft
- Categories:
- Classes:
- Type
- Aircraft: all flying machines
- Categories:
– Aeroplane (airplane), ultralight, autogyro,
helicopter - Classes:
– Single engine, multi engine
– Landplane, Floatplane - Type: e.g. Cessna 172, Airbus 319
Locations on aircraft (see image)
done
bush plane partes and helicopter parts (see images)
done
Date Format Standards
- Canada, English:
- USA:
- Rest of world…
- Canada, English:
– Same as Quebec (French)
– DD/MM/YYYY - USA:
– MM/DD/YYYY
– So-called ‘Pi Day’ is not really (3/14) - Rest of world…
– Confused. Mostly use Canadian format
Format confusion, cause and solution
- Problem: Some Canadians use
American format!
– Windows operating system
– Documentation from USA - Many international English-speakers
influenced by American format - Good habits:
– Use name of month
– Use four digits for year
Time Expression: Civil, English country
- How would you express it – accurately?
- Approximately?
3:08:43 pm
How would you express it – accurately?
– Three-oh-eight, and 43 seconds in the
afternoon
* Approximately?
– Three-oh-nine pm
– Nine minutes after three in the afternoon
Time Expression: Aviation, Military
03:08:48
- Military:
– Fifteen-oh-eight and forty-three seconds - Aviation:
– One-five-zero-eight zulu,
Variations 15h20
aviation
military
civil
- Aviation:
– Fifteen-twenty, or one-five-two-zero - Military:
– Fifteen-twenty hours - Civil:
– Three twenty
– Twenty minutes after three
Civil: variations (1)
* Times ‘on the hour’?
* Times from :01 to :29 minutes after hour
* Half hour?
- Times ‘on the hour’?
– O’clock - Times from :01 to :29 minutes after hour
– 7:03?
– 7:15? - Never ‘seven and a quarter’
- Could be ‘Quarter after seven’
- Half hour?
– 7:30 (seven-thirty)
Civil: variations (2)
* Times after half hour
* 3:35
* 7:45
* 7:50
- Times after half hour
- 3:35
– Three-thirty-five
– Twenty five minutes to four - 7:45
– Seven-forty-five
– Quarter to eight - 7:50
– Seven-fifty, or Ten minutes to eight
The Earth’s Coordinates
- Meridians, Parallels
- North Pole
- Magnetic Pole
Shape of the Earth & Coordinate system
- What do we call the shape?
- Geoid
- Oblate Spheroid
- Equator
- Prime Meridian
- Tropic of Cancer
- Tropic of Capricorn
- Arctic & Antarctic Circles
Global Routes
- Grand cercle?
- Great Circle
- Loxodromie?
- Rhumb Line
- The coloured areas are called?
- Time Zones
- Standard vs Daylight Savings Time (EST, EDT)
Map Projections
* Used in aviation :
– Cylindrical
– Conical
– UTM?
* Universal Transverse
Mercator
Distances
- One minute of Latitude = ?
- 1 nautical mile (nm)
- 1/10,000th arc Equator to North Pole?
- 1 Kilometre (km)
- Unit of measure in USA?
- Statute Mile (sm)
66 nm ≈ 76 sm ≈ 122 km
Speeds
- IAS: Indicated Airspeed: the speed on the ASI (airspeed indicator)
- CAS: Calibrated Airspeed: IAS corrected for position errors
- EAS: Equivalent Airspeed: CAS corrected for compressibility error
- TAS: True Airspeed: EAS corrected for density error
- True Airspeed is the actual speed of the aircraft in the air; it is used
for navigation computations
Magnetic vs True North
Variation EAST – magnetic LEAST ;
Variation WEST – magnetic BEST
- Magnetic Variation
- Common abbreviations:
– Var; MVar; MagVar - “Rate of Change”
- Compass vs Magnetic?
– Magnetic Deviation
– FOR, STEER
Lines of Equal Variation
- Isogonal lines
- Line of zero
Variation? - Agonic Line
The Wind Triangle
- Three vectors:
- Air Vector: Heading, True Airspeed
- Wind Vector: Wind Direction, Speed
- Ground Vector: Track, Ground Speed
- Drift, Drift Angle,
- Related terms:
– Track made good, actual track
– Magnetic Heading, True Heading
– Heading Correction, Drift Correction
Terminology: (
– Track:
– Track made good:
– Track error
– Opening angle:
– Closing angle:
- Terminology: (Track errors and corrections)
– Track: - The planned path to be followed over the ground
– Track made good (or actual track): - The actual path followed over the ground
– Track error: - The angle between planned track and actual track, measured in degrees
- Always expressed in degrees left or right of track
– Opening angle: - The track error as measured from the beginning of the leg
– Closing angle: - The angle between the present position and the planned track, measured
from the end of the leg
Track Corrections
- Opening & Closing angles
- Double Track correction
- Visual correction
Navigation à l’estime ?
- Dead Reckoning
VOCABULARY **
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