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A&P I > Exam 5 - upper limb -JB- pt 2 - slides 1-50 > Flashcards

Exam 5 - upper limb -JB- pt 2 - slides 1-50 Flashcards

1
Q

Functionally related skeletal muscles of the limbs along with their associated blood vessels and nerves are grouped together by ___ into regions called compartments

A

Fascia

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2
Q

Compartments are generally identified by their position or action of muscles:

Anterior, posterior, medial,

Superficial, deep

Flexor, extensor

Anterior (flexor), anterior (extensor), superficial anterior (flexor) etc

A

for reference

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3
Q

Muscles of the arm are located in anterior and posterior compartments which are separated by fascial planes: (2)

A

Anterior Compartment

Posterior Compartment

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4
Q

Muscles of the arm in anterior compartment

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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5
Q

Muscles of the arm in posterior compartment

A

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

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6
Q

Muscles of the arm are supplied by branches of the ___ artery, which is the continuation of the ___ artery

A

Brachial

Axillary

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7
Q

The ___ artery is used for taking arterial blood pressure in the arm using a BP cuff. The cuff compresses the ___ artery against the humerus, and occludes it

A

Brachial

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8
Q

All muscles of the anterior compartment are innervated by the _____ nerve

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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9
Q

Origin:
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

A

Biceps Brachii

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10
Q

Insertion: tuberosity of radius (AKA radial tuberosity) and bicipital aponeurosis

A

Biceps Brachii

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11
Q

Action: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm (at radioulnar joint), and flexes arm at shoulder joint.
Additionally, it is a powerful supinator.

A

Biceps Brachii

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12
Q

Biceps Brachii innervation:

A

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

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13
Q

Origin: humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

A

Brachialis

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14
Q

Action: flexes forearm at elbow joint (major flexor of elbow)

A

Brachialis

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15
Q

Brachialis innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

The biceps is most efficient in producing flexion when the elbow is flexed close to 90º and the forearm is _____

A

Supinated

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17
Q

The biceps barely operates as a flexor when the forearm is ____.

A

Pronated

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18
Q

The _____ is always the main flexor of the forearm regardless of pronation or supination, but has little assistance from the ____ during pronation

A

Brachialis

Biceps

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19
Q

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: shaft of humerus

A

Coracobrachialis

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20
Q

Action: flexes and adducts arm at the shoulder joint

A

Coracobrachialis

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21
Q

Coracobrachilis innervation:

A

Musculocutaeous nerve

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22
Q

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the:

A

Radial Nerve

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23
Q 
Origin 
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: humerus 
Medial head: humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
A

Triceps Brachii

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24
Q

Action: extends forearm at elbow joint, extends arm at shoulder joint

A

Triceps brachii

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25
Q

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna

A

Anconeus

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26
Q

Action: assists triceps in extending forearm at elbow joint and stabilizes elbow joint

A

Anconeus

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27
Q

Artery (brachial)

From teres major to cubital fossa

Branches
Profunda brachii
Ulnar collaterals

A

Artery of Arm

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28
Q

Veins
Superficial: cephalic and basilic
Deep: brachial veins

A

Vein of Arm

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29
Q

Arterial branches of Arm:

Branches
___ ___
Ulnar collaterals

A

Profunda Brachii

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30
Q

The major arterial supply to the arm is from the brachial artery and its branches. The brachial artery is a continuation of the ____ ___, and extends from the lower border of the teres major to the lower part of the cubital fossa, where it terminates as the radial and ulnar arteries.

A

Axillary Artery

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31
Q

The major branch of the brachial artery is the deep brachial artery (___ ___ artery) in the proximal arm.

A

Profunda Brachii

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32
Q

The venous network of the upper limb includes

  • Superficial veins which are located ___.
  • Deep veins

There are many connections between the superficial and deep systems of veins

A

Just below the skin

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33
Q

-Deep veins
Much deeper than superficial veins, and are protected by ___ and ___

Usually accompany arteries, and are named for the corresponding artery (example: brachial veins)

A

Muscle and bone

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34
Q

The cephalic and basilic veins are located beneath the skin, and are superficial to the ___ ___ throughout much of their course.

A

Brachial Fascia

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35
Q

There is substantial variation in the interconnection of the basilic and cephalic veins in the cubital fossa.

In some instances, the median cubital vein is very large, diverting most or all of the blood to the basilic vein, and the ___ ___ vein may be small or even absent

A

Superior Cephalic

slide 18

36
Q

Four main nerves pass through the arm and supply innervation to its structures:

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar

37
Q

Nerves of upper limb:

Two of these have no branches in the arm:

A

Median

Ulnar

38
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus passes through the _____ and continues distally between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

It gives off branches to all three muscles.

A

Coracobrachialis

slide 20

39
Q

Above the elbow the _____ nerve supplies muscles.

Below the elbow it has cutaneous branches.

A

Musculocutaneous

40
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve terminates as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (AKA ___ ___ nerve of the forearm), and supplies a large area of the forearm.

A

Lateral Cutaneous

41
Q

The -___ nerve supplies all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm.

A

Radial

42
Q

The ___ nerve travels through the arm without giving off any branches (It does branch to supply the forearm and hand).

A

Median

43
Q

____ nerve also has no innervation to the arm… just passing through

A

Ulnar

44
Q

Review of the structures at the elbow..

A

Slide 26

45
Q

The ____ is formed by the coronoid process and the olecranon

A

Trochlear notch

46
Q

The elbow joint is a ___ joint

A

Synovial

47
Q

It is structurally classified as a ___ joint

It permits the action of flexion and extension of the forearm

A

Hinge

48
Q

at the Elbow joint: The articular capsule is lined by ____

A

Synovial Membrane

49
Q

Elbow Joint:

The articular capsule is weak, and is reinforced by ___ ___ which limit side-to-side displacement of the bones of the joint

A

Collateral Ligaments

50
Q

Radial collateral ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the __ __ of the ulna

A

Radial Notch

51
Q

___ ___ surrounds the head of the radius

A

Annular Ligament

52
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament goes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ___ ___ and the ___ of the ulna

A

Coronoid Process

Olecranon

53
Q

____ is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ

A

Subluxation

54
Q 
Radial head subluxation:
Commonly encountered injury in the pediatric population
Peaks in the age range of 2 to 3 years 
More common in girls than boys
Affects the \_\_\_ side more than the \_\_\_
A

Left side more than right

55
Q

Sublux of radial head:

Mechanism of injury is a sudden longitudinal traction on the arm with the elbow ___

A

Extended

56
Q

Cradle the affected elbow with the examiner’s thumb over the radial head and the other hand holding the child’s wrist. The elbow will start out in the flexed position and in one smooth combined movement the wrist should be supinated with pressure over the radial head with the examiner’s thumb while placing the elbow in full extension. A slight “pop” will often be felt when it reduces, and within minutes the child will be playing normally

A

get back out there kid

57
Q

These conditions are somewhat related in that both
Affect an epicondyle of the elbow
Generally result from excessive use (or overuse), and repeating the same strenuous motions
Cause pain

A

Golfer’s Elbow

Tennis Elbow

58
Q

Golfer’s elbow is ___ epicondylitis

Tennis elbow is ___epicondylitis

A

Golf = Medial

Tennis = Lateral

59
Q

Muscles of the forearm are ____ muscles of the hand

A

Extrinsic

60
Q

Muscles of forearm:

Anterior compartment
___ and ___
Superficial group
Deep group

A

Flexors and Pronators

61
Q

Muscles of forearm:

Posterior compartment
___ and ___
Superficial group
Deep group

A

Extensors and supinators

62
Q

A thin, strong, fibrous membrane, the ___ ___, joins the radius and ulna of the forearm
It provides attachment for some deep forearm muscles

A

Interosseous Membrane

63
Q

The interosseous membrane provides the general plane for dividing the forearm into poster and anterior compartments.

A

Slide 37

64
Q

Superficial anterior compartement forearm:

These muscles of the forearm originate on the ___ ___ of the humerus

A

Medial Epicondyle

65
Q

They typically insert on the ___ and ___

Function as ____

Bellies of these muscles form the bulk of the forearm

A

Metacarpals and phalanges

Flexors

66
Q

Superficial anterior flexor compartment are:

A 
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Pronator teres
67
Q

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: radial anterior hand (anterior side of bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals)

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

68
Q

Action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)
Innervation: median nerve

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

69
Q

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon
Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

A

Palmaris Longus

70
Q

Action: flexes hand at wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: median nerve

A

Palmaris Longus

71
Q

Origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

72
Q

Insertion: ulnar anterior hand carpals (pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal)

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

73
Q

Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)
Innervation: ulnar nerve

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

74
Q

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon and also the upper radius and upper ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of the middle phalanges of the fingers (digits 2 – 5)

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

75
Q

Action: flexes fingers, flexes hand at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

76
Q

Deep anterior compartment (forearm)
Muscles of the digits insert on the base of distal phalanges
Function as ___

A

Flexors

77
Q

Deep Anterio (flexor) compartment are:

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

78
Q

Origin: radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

79
Q

Action: flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: median nerve

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

80
Q

Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: anterior surface of digits 2 – 5 (distal phalanx of digits 2 – 5)

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

81
Q

Action: flexes fingers at distal phalanges and assists with flexion of hand
Innervation: median and ulnar nerves

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

82
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis inserts on the ___ phalanges (anterior surface). Flexor digitorum profundus inserts on the ___ phalanges (anterior surface).

A

Middle

Distral

83
Q

Solution to flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus…

A

Camper Chiasm

slide 49

84
Q

Examination for ___ ___ ___ injury:
Examiner holds middle phalanx in full extension, which isolates the FDP
Patient actively flexes the distal phalanx

A

Flexor Digitorum profundus

85
Q

This is an assessment for function of the flexor digitorum profundus and/or the ___ ___ (which innervates FDP and FDS)

A

Median Nerve

A&P I (21 decks)

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