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A&P I > Exam 3 - Cranial Nerves***MOST IMPORTANT*** > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Cranial Nerves***MOST IMPORTANT*** Flashcards

1
Q

Each cranial nerve has a number indicating the order, from ____ to____, in which it arises from the brain

A

anterior to posterior

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2
Q

Each has a name that designates the nerve’s ___

A

function

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3
Q

Cranial nerves are functionally either sensory (afferent) neurons only, or mixed (some combination of afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) neurons)

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Those that are mixed may be primarily ___ or primarily ____

A

primarily motor OR primarily sensory

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5
Q

Two cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons:

A

Cranial nerve I (olfactory)

Cranial nerve II (optic)

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6
Q

One cranial nerve is so predominantly sensory that its motor function is frequently overlooked:

A

Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)

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7
Q

Cranial nerves I, II, and VIII are thus called…

A

sensory nerves (even though CN VIII is not exclusively sensory)

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8
Q

Motor Cranial Nerves

There are no cranial nerves that are exclusively motor throughout their entire length, however ______ are commonly called motor nerves because their function is predominantly motor

A

cranial nerves III, IV, VI, XI, and XII

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9
Q

They are often said to be “mixed, mainly motor” or “mixed, primarily motor” (as in the following slides)

A

Motor Cranial Nerves

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10
Q

It is a general principle that the sensory function of such nerves is ______ of the muscles over which they exert motor control (the following slides assume that fact, and do not necessarily repeat proprioceptive functions)

A

proprioception

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11
Q

Mixed cranial nerves

Cranial nerves ________ are termed mixed nerves because they have substantial motor and sensory functions, and contain axons of both sensory and motor neurons

A

Cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X

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12
Q

Single function motor cranial nerves

Most cranial nerves that have a motor function innervate more than one muscle, but the sole mission of two cranial nerves is to innervate a single muscle each:

A

Trochlear (IV) innervates the superior oblique

Abducens (VI) innervates the lateral rectus

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13
Q

Trochlear (IV) innervates the superior oblique

Abducens (VI) innervates the lateral rectus

A

Both muscles are extrinsic muscles of the eye

Each nerve is primarily motor, with proprioception of its muscle being its sensory function

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14
Q

No motor function nerves?

A

Cranial Nerve I and II

Olfactory and Optic

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15
Q

Remember this cranial nerve is predominantly sensory, but DOES have a motor function

A

CN VIII

vestibulocochlear

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16
Q

Somatic and autonomic

All motor cranial nerves have neurons that innervate ____ (skeletal) muscles

A

somatic

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17
Q

Some motor cranial nerves also have autonomic motor axons:

A

III (oculomotor)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)

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18
Q

The autonomic axons are part of the parasympathetic division, and innervate….

A

glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

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19
Q

Entirely sensory

Contains axons that conduct nerve impulses for the sense of smell (olfaction)

Olfactory bulb and olfactory tract are not CN I

Short function: smell

A

I – Olfactory

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20
Q

Olfactory bulb and olfactory tract are NOT…

A

CN I

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21
Q

CN I is sensory or motor?

A

sensory ENTIRELY

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22
Q

Olfactory receptors are bipolar neurons:

A

CN I (olfactory)

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23
Q

Bundles of axons of the receptors extend through the ____of the ____

Those bundles taken together are the ____

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid

olfactory nerve

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24
Q

Olfaction is assessed by having patient state whether or not they can perceive a common….

A

non-offensive smell such as soap, cloves, flavored Chapstick®, coffee, or vanilla

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25
Q

Loss of the sense of smell is called…

A

anosmia

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26
Q

Entirely sensory

Contains myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses for vision

Optic nerve versus optic tract; optic chiasma

Short function: vision

A

CN II - Optic

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27
Q

Assessment of peripheral vision is one test associated with

A

cranial nerve II

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28
Q

Mainly motor

Controls extrinsic eye muscles not innervated by IV and VI

Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

Short function: eye movement

A

III – Oculomotor

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29
Q

Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

A

III – Oculomotor

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30
Q

III – Oculomotor Innervates intrinsic eye muscles:

A

ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

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31
Q

Innervates most extrinsic eye muscles

Parasympathetic innervation to intrinsic eye muscles

Innervates levator palpebrae superioris (muscle of the upper eyelid)

A

III – Oculomotor

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32
Q

Innervates most extrinsic eye muscles

A

III – Oculomotor

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33
Q

III – Oculomotor Innervates…

A

Innervates levator palpebrae superioris (muscle of the upper eyelid)

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34
Q

This is the pupillary light response test

Both pupils should constrict when light is shined in only one eye

A

III – Oculomotor

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35
Q

Mainly motor

Smallest of the cranial nerves

Innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye

Only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

Short function: eye movement

A

IV – Trochlear

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36
Q

Smallest of the cranial nerves

A

IV – Trochlear

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37
Q

Innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye

A

IV – Trochlear

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38
Q

Only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

A

IV – Trochlear

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39
Q

Short function: eye movement

A

IV – Trochlear

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40
Q

IV – Trochlear

The trochlea (trochle = pulley) is a pulleylike loop through which the tendon of the _____ muscle passes

The superior oblique moves the eyeball…

A

The trochlea (trochle = pulley) is a pulleylike loop through which the tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes

The superior oblique moves the eyeball inferiorly and laterally

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41
Q

The superior oblique moves the eyeball

A

inferiorly and laterally

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42
Q

The trochlea (trochle = pulley) is a pulleylike loop through which the tendon of the _____ muscle passes

A

superior oblique

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43
Q

Following a moving object with the eyes assesses cranial nerves III, IV, and VI since all three innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

IV – Trochlear

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44
Q

Mixed

Largest of the cranial nerves

Emerges from pons isolated from other cranial nerves

Provides sensory neurons to face, head, and anterior 2/3 tongue

Motor neurons control chewing movements

Short function: mastication, facial sensation

A

V – Trigeminal

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45
Q

Short function: mastication, facial sensation

A

V – Trigeminal

46
Q

Provides sensory neurons to face, head, and anterior 2/3 tongue

A

V – Trigeminal

47
Q

Emerges from pons isolated from other cranial nerves

A

V – Trigeminal

48
Q

Largest of the cranial nerves

A

V – Trigeminal

49
Q

The trigeminal has two roots:

smaller motor root supplying the muscles of ______

Larger sensory root, which has three branches:

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

A

mastication

50
Q

The trigeminal has two roots:

A

smaller motor root supplying the muscles of mastication

Larger sensory root, which has three branches:

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

51
Q

V – Trigeminal

Larger sensory root, which has three branches:

A

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

52
Q

The trigeminal has two roots:

smaller motor root supplying the muscles of mastication

Larger sensory root, which has three branches:

A 
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Mandibular nerve (V3)
53
Q

TRIGEMINAL

(V1) ?
(V2) ?
(V3) ?

A

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

54
Q

…. anesthesia is a local anesthetic technique used by dentists and physicians.

A

Maxillary nerve

55
Q

An assessment of motor function is to have the patient bite down while feeling the ____ muscle, then to have the patient attempt to open their mouth against resistance applied by the examiner

56
Q

Trigeminal is NOT taste… it’s tacticle

57
Q

An assessment of sensory function is to have the patient close their eyes, then the examiner touches the face with different objects (light pin touch, handle end of reflex hammer, Q-tip) and the patient describes the type of sensation as sharp, dull, soft, etc., the degree of pressure, and where it is on the face

58
Q

The corneal reflex is a test for the ophthalmic nerve (CN V 1):

A

touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton evokes a reflexive blink.

59
Q

_____ is the dermatome for most of the skin of the face and scalp

A

Cranial nerve V

60
Q

Mainly motor

Innervates lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Nerve is also called the abducent

Short function: eye movement

A

VI – Abducens

61
Q

The _____ muscle moves the eye laterally

It causes ______, hence the name of the nerve that supplies it

A

lateral rectus

abduction of the eye (movement away from the midline of the body)

62
Q

Following a moving object with the eyes assesses cranial nerves III, IV, and VI since all three innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

VI – Abducens

63
Q

Mixed

Somatic motor axons innervate muscles of facial expression, and stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, and stapedius muscles

Parasympathetic axons extend to lacrimal glands, nasal glands, and saliva-producing sublingual and submandibular glands

A

VII – Facial

64
Q

VII – Facial

Somatic motor axons innervate muscles of facial expression, and _____, posterior belly of, and _____ muscles

A

stylohyoid

digastric

stapedius

65
Q

VII – Facial

Parasympathetic axons extend to lacrimal glands, nasal glands, and saliva-producing ____

A

sublingual and submandibular glands

66
Q

Sensory axons extend from taste buds in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (the mobile tongue)

Short function: facial expression, taste, salivation, lacrimation

A

VII – Facial

67
Q

Branches of the facial nerve:

A 
Temporal 
    Zygomatic 
    Buccal 
    Mandibular 
    Cervical
68
Q

Having the patient exercise the muscles of facial expression by smiling, frowning and puffing both cheeks, and noting any asymmetries, drooping, sagging or smoothing of normal facial creases is an assessment of motor function

A

VII – Facial

69
Q

Mainly sensory

Formerly known as the acoustic, or auditory nerve

Vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium

Cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing

Short function: balance, hearing

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

70
Q

facial EXPRESSION

71
Q

Formerly known as the acoustic, or auditory nerve

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

72
Q

Vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

73
Q

Cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

74
Q

Short function: balance, hearing

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

75
Q

TASTE BUDS ON WHICH NERVE

A

VII - FACIAL = TASTE on portion of tongue

76
Q

The examiner rubs fingers together both alternately and simultaneously very near to, yet not touching, each ear as one assessment of hearing

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

77
Q

Mixed

Sensory axons to: posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste from taste buds, and for tactile sensation; baroreceptors in carotid sinus and chemoreceptors in carotid bodies

Motor fibers to: parotid gland

Short function: taste, salivation, innervation of pharynx

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

78
Q

Sensory axons to: posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste from taste buds, and for tactile sensation; baroreceptors in carotid sinus and chemoreceptors in carotid bodies

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

79
Q

Motor fibers to: parotid gland

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

80
Q

Short function: taste, salivation, innervation of pharynx

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

81
Q

The carotid sinus is a dilated region of the internal carotid artery. It contains the carotid body, which is a cluster of chemoreceptors that respond to changes in blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions.

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

82
Q

Having the patient open their mouth, protrude their tongue, and say “Ahh” while the examiner observes the soft palate, uvula, and pharynx, as well as listens to the voice for evidence of hoarseness, is an assessment of both cranial nerves IX and X

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

83
Q

Mixed

The longest cranial nerve

Short function: swallowing, talking, cardiac, GI tract, respiration, taste

A

X – Vagus

84
Q

The longest cranial nerve

A

X – Vagus

85
Q

Short function: swallowing, talking, cardiac, GI tract, respiration, taste

A

X – Vagus

86
Q

____ is widely distributed in the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen

A

The vagus nerve

X – Vagus

87
Q

Sensory function in taste, touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the epiglottis and pharynx; monitoring of blood pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Somatic motor function in swallowing, coughing, and voice production

Autonomic motor function (parasympathetic) in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation of GI tract, slowing of the heart rate, and secretion of digestive fluids

A

X – Vagus

88
Q

Sensory function in taste, touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the epiglottis and pharynx; monitoring of blood pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

A

X – Vagus

89
Q

Somatic motor function in swallowing, coughing, and voice production

A

X – Vagus

90
Q

Autonomic motor function (parasympathetic) in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation of GI tract, slowing of the heart rate, and secretion of digestive fluids

A

X – Vagus

91
Q

Hyperactivity of the vagus nerves causes hypersecretion of acidic gastric fluids, which results in ulceration of the stomach wall. Patients with persistent and/or recurring ulcers can be treated with a selective vagotomy (partial severing of the right and left gastric nerves) to relieve this condition.

A

X – Vagus

92
Q

Ulcers may be treated with?

A

Vagotomy - CN X - Vagus

93
Q

Mixed

Originates from both the brain stem and the spinal cord, so it is sometimes called the spinal accessory (only cranial nerve to have a spinal cord component)

Impulses to voluntary muscles used in swallowing, and to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Short function: pharynx & larynx muscles, neck & shoulder movement

A

XI – Accessory

94
Q

Originates from both the brain stem and the spinal cord, so it is sometimes called the spinal accessory (only cranial nerve to have a spinal cord component)

A

XI – Accessory

95
Q

Impulses to voluntary muscles used in swallowing, and to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

A

XI – Accessory

96
Q

Short function: pharynx & larynx muscles, neck & shoulder movement

A

XI – Accessory

97
Q

Shrugging of the shoulders by the trapezius muscle against resistance from the examiner, as well as turning the head to the side, again against resistance

A

XI – Accessory

98
Q

Mixed

Innervates all intrinsic muscles of the tongue as well as all extrinsic tongue muscles except the ______, for movements in speech and swallowing

Short function: tongue movement

A

palatoglossus

XII – Hypoglossal

99
Q

(The palatoglossus is supplied by

100
Q

Innervates all intrinsic muscles of the tongue as well as all extrinsic tongue muscles except the palatoglossus, for movements in speech and swallowing

A

XII – Hypoglossal

101
Q

Short function: tongue movement

A

XII – Hypoglossal

102
Q

Protrusion and side-to-side movement of the tongue is an assessment of the hypoglossal nerve

A

XII – Hypoglossal

103
Q

Balanced action of the paired genioglossi muscles is required to protrude the tongue straight out. If one genioglossus muscle is inactive, the action of the intact muscle is unopposed. The tongue then deviates toward the side of the inactive muscle

A

XII – Hypoglossal

104
Q

Genioglossus

A

XII – Hypoglossal

105
Q

taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal - IX

106
Q

Which two CN’s deal with taste?

A

CN VII and CN IX

CN VII - Facial - Anterior 2/3 tongue taste
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal - Posterior 1/3 tongue taste

107
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue for taste

A

CN VII - Facial - anterior 2/3 tongue taste

108
Q

short function: taste, lacrimation, salivation + one more

A

facial muscle movement

CN VII - facial

109
Q

Stylohoid
Digastric
Stapedius

A

Facial CN VII

110
Q

salivation of parotid gland

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

111
Q

swallowing, talking, cardiac, GI tract, respiration, taste

A

CN X - vagus

112
Q

speech and swallowing = which muscle and which CN?

A

palatoglossus - movements in speech and swallowing

CN X - Vagus

A&P I (21 decks)

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