Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsychology 316 > Exam 5 - 4/4 > Flashcards

Exam 5 - 4/4 Flashcards

1
Q

Bipolar Disorder - Genetic Studies

Different _________ are involved in depression and bipolar disorder

A

genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bipolar Disorder - Genetic Studies

Greater genetic contribution to bipolar disorder than _________

A

depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Depression – Treatment

_________ hypothesis – depression involves reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses

A

Monoamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis – depression involves reduced activity at _________ and _________ synapses

A
  • norepinephrine

- serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
Discovered accidentally – use of _________ for tuberculosis elevated mood of patients (monoamine _________ inhibitor)

A
  • iproniazid

- oxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
Most antidepressant drugs increase _________ and/or serotonin activity

A

norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors block \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  of neurotransmitters
A

degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
_________ antidepressants block reuptake of neurotransmitters in the synapse

A

Tricyclic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
Tricyclic antidepressants block _________ of neurotransmitters in the synapse

A

reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac just block _________ uptake – dissociation between time of pharmacological and _________ actions (hours vs weeks, respectively)

A
  • serotonin

- therapeutic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like _________ just block serotonin uptake – dissociation between time of _________ and therapeutic actions (hours vs weeks, respectively)

A
  • Prozac

- pharmacological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis –
_________ is common among individuals with depression

A

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Depression – Treatment

Monoamine hypothesis – Smoking
_________ – smoke contains monoamine oxidase _________
-Difficulty stopping smoking

A
  • Self-medication

- inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Depression –
-Treatment issues

A substantial portion of patients are resistant to treatment (_________ %)

A

30 – 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Depression –
-Treatment issues

Delay in onset of therapeutic effects an issue if patient is _________

A

suicidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Depression – Treatment

_________ therapy (ECT) is an option for these patients

A

Electroconvulsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

70 – 130 volts applied to head of anesthetized patient in brief pulses causes a _________ lasting 30 – 60 seconds

A

seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Patients given muscle relaxants to prevent bone fractures caused by _________ spasms

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Patients wake up several minutes later confused but without any _________ of the treatment

20
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Causes memory and _________ impairments but only for a few months
-If restrict shock to _________ hemisphere can get antidepressant effects _________ side effects

A
  • cognitive
  • right
  • without
21
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

___% efficacy though benefit does not last - after ECT some patients can be maintained on _________

A
  • 79

- medication

22
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Suitable for patients who experience severe side effects from _________, pregnant women, in patients who are also _________, in patients who are suicidal

A
  • medication

- psychotic

23
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Also effective on _________ and schizophrenia

24
Q

Depression – Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left _________ is also effective

A

prefrontal cortex

25
Depression – Treatment Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)- Deep brain stimulation through implanted _________ is being evaluated as an experimental treatment for depression
electrodes
26
Depression – Treatment Antidepressants increase levels of _________ and serotonin but improvement of depression does not occur for several _________
- norepinephrine | - weeks
27
Depression – Treatment Antidepressants increase levels of norepinephrine and _________ but improvement of depression does not occur for several weeks
serotonin
28
Depression – Treatment _________ hypothesis suggests that antidepressants and ECT cause an increase in the formation of new neurons in the _________
- Neurogenesis | - hippocampus
29
Depression – Treatment How do antidepressants and ECT work? Time for new neurons to _________ to correct locations corresponds to improvement in symptoms
migrate
30
Depression – Treatment How do antidepressants and ECT work? Increased cell death also occurs so no net increase in the number of _________
neurons
31
Depression – The Role of Circadian Rhythms Depressed individuals tend to be _________ advanced
phase
32
Depression – The Role of Circadian Rhythms Depressed individuals tend to be phase advanced - Sleepy early in _________ and wake up early - Adjusting the _________ rhythm can alleviate depression
- evening | - circadian
33
Depression – The Role of Circadian Rhythms Patients enter _________ sleep early and spend more time in REM
REM (rapid eye movement)
34
Depression – The Role of Circadian Rhythms Reducing _________ can be an effective treatment
REM sleep
35
Depression – The Role of Circadian Rhythms _________ also reduce REM sleep (norepinephrine and serotonin reduce _________ sleep)
- Antidepressants | - REM
36
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) Decreased neural activity, particularly in the _________ , and sections of the prefrontal cortex
caudate nucleus
37
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) Decreased neural activity, particularly in the caudate nucleus, and sections of the _________
prefrontal cortex
38
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) Increased neural activity is increased in the _________ and the _________ prefrontal cortex
- amygdala | - ventral
39
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) Activity in the ventral _________ is closely associated with periods of depression
prefrontal cortex
40
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) _________ hemispheric dominance
Abnormal
41
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) Abnormal hemispheric dominance Normal people have _________ activity in left prefrontal cortex, depressed people have _________ activity in this area but increased activity in right prefrontal cortex
- increased | - decreased
42
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes -Depression (unipolar or bipolar) Abnormal hemispheric dominance Normal people have increased activity in _________ prefrontal cortex, depressed people have decreased activity in this area but increased activity in _________ prefrontal cortex
- left | - right
43
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes Mania- Increased neural activity particularly in the _________ prefrontal cortex
ventromedial
44
Affective Disorders – Neural Changes _________ - Increased neural activity particularly in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Mania
45
- LAST CARD - Affective Disorders – Neural Changes Mania- -ventromedial prefrontal cortex This area could be responsible for switching from _________ to mania
depression

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions