Exam 3 - 3/7 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

_________ -

Removal of the gonads (testes or ovaries) removes the major source of sex hormones

Castration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Castration -

Removal of the gonads (testes or ovaries) removes the major source of _________

sex hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Castration -

Decrease in _________ motivation in nonhuman mammals of both _________

sexual

- sexes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Castration -

_________ still produce small amounts of hormones (male and female)

Adrenals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_________ -

Class of hormones responsible for a number of male characteristics and functions

Androgens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Androgens-

Class of hormones responsible for a number of _________ characteristics and functions

-male

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Androgens-

_________ is the major sex hormone in males

Testosterone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Androgens-

Blocking production of _________ highly effective in eliminating _________ sexual behavior

testosterone

- deviant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Androgens-

Male sexual behavior requires _________ testosterone levels
-Level of sexual activity _________ directly related to testosterone levels

minimal

- not

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Testosterone levels rise after sexual activity so does not appear to _________ sexual activity

initiate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_________ -

A class of hormones responsible for a number of female characteristics and functions

Estrogens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Estrogens -

A class of hormones responsible for a number of _________ characteristics and functions

female

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Estrogens -

_________ -
-Time when the female is ovulating
-Sex hormone levels are high
Animals said to be in _________

Estrus

- heat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Estrogens -

Estrus
-Time when the female is _________
-Sex hormone levels are _________
Animals said to be in heat

ovulating

- high

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_________ -

Second major class of female hormones
-progesterone

Progestins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Progestins-

Second major class of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hormones
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

female

- progesterone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Unlike other species women engage in sexual activity at times other than _________

ovulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Women do initiate sex more often during middle of _________

cycle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Estrogen and Testosterone – peaks _________

midcycle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Testosterone also increases sexual behavior in _________ and is more closely correlated with sexual activity during _________

women

- menopause

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Testosterone increases _________ sexual activity

after

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

XXXXXXXXXX

Medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (MPOA)

Important in male and female sexual behavior – _________ more than motivation

performance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

XXXXXXXXXX

Medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (MPOA)

Stimulation of the MPOA increases _________ in rats of both sexes

copulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

XXXXXXXXXX

Medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (MPOA)

The MPOA is active when rats copulate _________

spontaneously

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

XXXXXXXXXX Medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (MPOA) Testosterone and _________ prime the MPOA to release dopamine - MPOA neurons strongly release dopamine during _________ activity

- estradiol | - sexual

XXXXXXXXXX Medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (MPOA) Testosterone and estradiol prime the MPOA to release _________ - MPOA neurons strongly release _________ during sexual activity

- dopamine | - dopamine

XXXXXXXXXX -CNS Control of Sexual Behavior- Medial _________ area of _________ (MPOA)

hypothalamus

XXXXXXXXXX -CNS Control of Sexual Behavior- Sexually _________ nucleus (SDN)

dimorphic

XXXXXXXXXX Sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) -located in the medial _________ area

preoptic

XXXXXXXXXX Sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) More important for sexual activity in _________ Destruction of SDN _________ male sexual activity

- males | - reduces

XXXXXXXXXX Sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) Connects to other _________ areas of the brain – -coordinates behavioral and _________ responses to sensory cues

- sex-related | - physiological

XXXXXXXXXX Sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) Level of sexual activity in males related to the _________ of their SDN -Size of SDN depends on prenatal exposure to _________

- size | - testosterone

XXXXXXXXXX -CNS Control of Sexual Behavior- Ventromedial _________ of the hypothalamus

nucleus

XXXXXXXXXX Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus - Important for sexual behavior in _________ rats - Destruction reduces the _________ responsiveness to a male’s advances

- female | - female’s

XXXXXXXXXX Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus Activity _________ in this area during copulation in rats

increases

XXXXXXXXXX Medial amygdala Contributes to sexual behavior in rats of _________

both sexes

XXXXXXXXXX -CNS Control of Sexual Behavior- _________ amygdala

Medial

XXXXXXXXXX Medial amygdala Responds to sexually exciting _________ - presence of a potential _________ partner

- stimuli | - sex

XXXXXXXXXX Medial amygdala Stimulation causes release of _________ in the medial _________ area of hypothalamus

- dopamine | - preoptic

_________ - the biological characteristics that divide humans and other animals into the _________ of male and female

- Sex | - categories

Sex - the _________ characteristics that divide _________ and other animals into the categories of male and female

- biological | - humans

_________ - behavioral characteristics associated with being male or female

Gender

Gender - _________ characteristics associated with being male or female

behavioral

Gender role - set of behaviors _________ considers appropriate for people of a given _________ sex

- society | - biological

_________ - set of behaviors society considers appropriate for people of a given biological sex

Gender role

_________ - person’s subjective feeling of being male or female

Gender identity

Gender identity - person’s _________ feeling of being male or female

subjective

XXXXXXXXXX Organizing and activating effects of hormones- _________ – changes in structure prenatally and shortly after birth – sensitive stages of development – lifelong changes

Organizing effects

XXXXXXXXXX Organizing and activating effects of hormones- Organizing effects – changes in structure _________ and shortly after birth – sensitive stages of _________ – lifelong changes

- prenatally | - development

XXXXXXXXXX Initially XX and XY embryos are _________

undifferentiated

XXXXXXXXXX The default sex is _________ -If little testosterone - gonads develop into ovaries and the _________, vagina, clitoris, and labia develop

- female | - uterus

XXXXXXXXXX The default sex is female -If little _________ - gonads develop into _________ and the uterus, vagina, clitoris, and _________ develop

- testosterone - ovaries - labia

In female fetuses The _________ develop into ovaries, where the _________ (eggs) develop

- gonads | - ova

In female fetuses The _________ develop into the uterus, _________ tubes, and the inner vagina

- Müllerian ducts | - fallopian

In female fetuses The _________ wither and are absorbed

Wolffian ducts

In female fetuses The undifferentiated external genitals become a _________, the outer segment of the vagina, and the _________ (partially enclose the entrance to the vagina)

- clitoris | - labia

In male fetuses The ____ (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) gene causes gonads to develop into testes (sperm production)

SRY

In male fetuses The SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) gene causes gonads to develop into _________ (sperm production)

testes

In male fetuses Testes secrete 2 hormones _________ hormone – Müllerian ducts degenerate _________ – makes the internal organs masculine

- Müllerian inhibiting | - Testosterone

In male fetuses Testes secrete 2 hormones: Müllerian inhibiting hormone – Müllerian ducts _________ Testosterone – makes the internal organs _________

- degenerate | - masculine

In male fetuses The _________ – seminal vesicles (store semen) and _________ (carries semen from testes to penis)

- Wolffian ducts | - vas deferens

_________ causes the undifferentiated external genitals to become the penis and scrotum

Dihydrotestosterone

-Dihydrotestosterone causes the undifferentiated external _________ to become the penis and _________

- genitals | - scrotum

XXXXXXXXXX Activating effects of sex hormones: - Can occur at any _________ - Caused by hormonal fluctuations - Produce temporary activation of a particular response or can have long-lasting effects - Changes are _________ - Hormones alter activity in brain regions to change the way the brain responds to stimuli

- time | - reversible

XXXXXXXXXX Activating effects of sex hormones: - Can occur at any time - Caused by _________ fluctuations - Produce temporary activation of a particular response or can have long-lasting effects - Changes are reversible - Hormones alter activity in brain regions to change the way the brain responds to _________

- hormonal | - stimuli

XXXXXXXXXX Activating effects of sex hormones: - Can occur at any time - Caused by hormonal fluctuations - Produce _________ activation of a particular response or can have _________ effects - Changes are reversible - Hormones alter activity in _________ regions to change the way the brain responds to stimuli

- temporary - long-lasting - brain

XXXXXXXXXX Puberty- _________ – surge of estrogens from ovaries _________ – ovulation, and menstruation

- Girls | - Girls

XXXXXXXXXX Puberty- Girls – surge of estrogens from _________ Girls – ovulation, and _________

- ovaries | - menstruation

XXXXXXXXXX Puberty- _________ – surge of testosterone from testes _________ – beard and muscle development, sperm production, ejaculation

- Boys | - Boys

XXXXXXXXXX Puberty- Boys – surge of testosterone from _________ Boys – beard and muscle development, sperm _________, ejaculation

- testes | - production

XXXXXXXXXX Puberty- Both sexes – increase in _________ activity and preference for company of opposite _________

- sexual | - sex

_________ – have sexual characteristics of both sexes - True hermaphrodites with both ovaries and _________ tissue are rare in humans - Cannot function sexually as both male and female

- Hermaphrodite | - testicular

Hermaphrodite – have sexual characteristics of _________ sexes - True hermaphrodites with both ovaries and testicular tissue are rare in humans - Cannot function _________ as both male and female

- both | - sexually

_________ (intersex) - -Have ambiguous internal and/or external organs, but their gonads (ovaries or testes) are consistent with their _________

- Pseudohermaphrodites | - chromosomes

- LAST CARD - Pseudohermaphrodites (intersex) - most common -Have _________ internal and/or external organs, but their _________ (ovaries or testes) are consistent with their chromosomes

- ambiguous | - gonads