Exam 2 - 2/9 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

_________ - Small and medium blood vessel don’t get blood to hands, fingers, toes

Buerger’s Disease

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A drug is a _________ that on entering the body changes the body or its _________

substance

- functioning

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A drug is a substance that on entering the _________ changes the _________ or its functioning

body

- body

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_________ mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter

-agonist

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_________ sits on neurotransmitter receptors blocking the effects of the neurotransmitter

antagonist

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An antagonist sits on neurotransmitter receptors _________ the effects of the neurotransmitter

blocking

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An agonist mimics the effect of a _________

neurotransmitter

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Drugs can alter neurotransmission by:

-Acting as _________ or antagonists

-agonists

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Drugs can alter neurotransmission by:

-Increasing or decreasing the amount of _________ released

-neurotransmitter

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Drugs can alter neurotransmission by:

-Blocking the _________ of neurotransmitter into the _________ neuron

re-uptake

- presynaptic

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Psychoactive drugs – those that have _________ effects

psychological

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Psychoactive drugs – those that have psychological effects (e.g., _________ relief, _________ )

anxiety

- hallucinations

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________ -
Cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), caffeine, nicotine

Stimulants

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

Stimulants-
_________, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), caffeine, _________

Cocaine

- nicotine

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

Stimulants-
Cocaine, _________, ecstasy (MDMA), _________ , nicotine

amphetamine

- caffeine

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________ -
Alcohol

Sedatives/depressants

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________ -
Morphine, heroin

Opiates

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

Opiates-
Morphine, _________

heroin

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-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________-
LSD, psilocybin, (ecstasy)

Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)

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Drugs are categorized according to their _________ action

predominant

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_________ drugs increase excitement, alertness, motor activity and elevate mood

Stimulant

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Stimulant drugs increase excitement, alertness, _________ activity and _________ mood

motor

- elevate

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Stimulant drugs increase excitement, alertness, motor activity and elevate mood

Examples: _________, cocaine, methylphenidate, _________, nicotine

amphetamines

- MDMA (Ecstasy)

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-Stimulants: _________ -

Elevation of mood and increased alertness

Cocaine

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-Stimulants: Cocaine- From South American _________ plant -Leaves chewed or used to make tea in Bolivia, Columbia, and Peru – increases _________ , sense of well-being

- coca | - endurance

-Stimulants: Cocaine- From South American coca plant -Leaves chewed or used to make tea in Bolivia, Columbia, and Peru – increases endurance, sense of _________

-well-being

_________ - ritalin

methylphenidate

_________ - ritalin

methylphenidate

-Stimulants: _________ - Euphoria, appetite suppressant, increased alertness, decreases fatigue

Cocaine

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Euphoria, appetite _________, increased alertness, decreases _________

- suppressant | - fatigue

-Stimulants: _________ - Snorted as a powder, injected as a solution, or smoked (freebase, crack) – fast onset increases addiction potential

-Cocaine

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Snorted as a powder, _________ as a solution, or smoked (freebase, crack) – fast onset increases _________ potential

- injected | - addiction

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Mechanism of action: Blocks _________ transporters on presynaptic terminals increasing the amount of _________ in the synaptic cleft

- dopamine | - dopamine

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Mechanism of action: _________ dopamine transporters on presynaptic terminals increasing the amount of dopamine in the _________

- Blocks | - synaptic cleft

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) used to treat ADHD also blocks _________ of dopamine

-reuptake

Methylphenidate (_________) used to treat ADHD also blocks reuptake of _________

- Ritalin | - dopamine

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Mechanism of action: Blocks reuptake of _________

serotonin

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Mechanism of action: - Reduces _________ inhibition of lower brain structures - - _________

- cortical | - Euphoria

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Mechanism of action: - Reduces cortical inhibition of _________ brain structures - -Euphoria

-lower

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Withdrawal is _________

-mild

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Withdrawal is mild - _________ (lack of pleasure), anxiety, lack of motivation

Anhedonia

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Withdrawal is mild -Anhedonia (lack of pleasure), _________, lack of _________

- anxiety | - motivation

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Withdrawal is mild -Tolerance to _________ effects causes escalation of _________

- euphoric | - dose

-Stimulants: Cocaine- Withdrawal is mild Long-term use can cause stimulant _________ (sensitization), _________

- psychosis | - seizures

Stimulants: _________ Synthetic drug with similar effects to those of cocaine

Amphetamine

Stimulants: Amphetamine _________ , increased confidence and concentration, decreased _________

- Euphoria | - appetite

Stimulants: _________ Euphoria, increased confidence and concentration, decreased appetite

Amphetamine

Stimulants: Amphetamine Euphoria, increased _________ and _________ , decreased appetite

- confidence | - concentration

Stimulants: _________ Used to treat narcolepsy

Amphetamine

Stimulants: _________ Methamphetamine

Amphetamine

Stimulants: Amphetamine _________ - Meth, speed, crank, crystal Freebase = ice (smokable)

Methamphetamine

Stimulants: Amphetamine Methamphetamine - Meth, speed, _________ , crystal Freebase = _________ (smokable)

- crank | - ice

XXXXXXXXXX Meth, like other stimulants, suppresses _________ and can lead to _________ due to long periods without eating.

-appetite | undernourishment

XXXXXXXXXX Meth Mouth" is caused by several factors; tooth enamel is dissolved by the harsh _________ of the drug, the blood vessels contained in healthy gums and teeth shrink, increasing the rate of decay, the production of saliva _________ , allowing harmful acids to further damage the mouth, cravings for sugary foods increases with meth use,

- chemicals | - diminishes

XXXXXXXXXX Meth Mouth" is caused by several factors; tooth enamel is dissolved by the harsh chemicals of the drug, the blood vessels contained in healthy gums and teeth _________, increasing the rate of decay, the production of saliva diminishes, allowing harmful acids to further damage the mouth, cravings for sugary foods _________ with meth use,

- shrink | - increases

-Stimulants: Amphetamine- Also produces stimulant _________

psychosis

Anhedonia (lack of _________),

pleasure

-Stimulants: Amphetamine- Also produces stimulant psychosis --Symptoms of paranoid _________

schizophrenia

-Stimulants: Amphetamine- Mechanism of action: -Increases the release of _________ and dopamine

norepinephrine

-Stimulants: Amphetamine- Mechanism of action: -Increases the release of norepinephrine and _________

dopamine

-Stimulants: _________ - Mechanism of action: Increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Amphetamine

Cocaine is a _________

vasoconstrictor

Cocaine blocks the _________ channels - creating a local _________

- sodium | - anesthetic

-Stimulants: Amphetamine- Mechanism of action: - Increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine - _________ depletion

Dopamine

-Stimulants: _________ - Addictive substance in tobacco

Nicotine

-Stimulants: _________ - Smoked (stimulant/sedative – dose dependent), chewed, inhaled (snuff, sedative)

Nicotine

-Stimulants: Nicotine- Smoked (stimulant/sedative – dose dependent), _________ , inhaled (snuff, _________ )

- chewed | - sedative

-Stimulants: Nicotine- Large doses - nausea, _________, headaches, convulsions and _________

- vomiting | - death

-Stimulants: _________ - Large doses - nausea, vomiting, headaches, convulsions and death

Nicotine

-Stimulants: Nicotine- Large doses - _________ , vomiting, headaches, _________ and death

- nausea | - convulsions

-Stimulants: _________ - Withdrawal – nervousness, anxiety, headaches

Nicotine

-Stimulants: Nicotine- Withdrawal – _________, anxiety, _________

- nervousness | - headaches

-Stimulants: Nicotine- _________ use – increased health risks from tobacco _________

- Continuous | - smoke

-Stimulants: _________ - Coughing, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer Greatest number of preventable deaths

Nicotine

- LAST CARD - - Stimulants: Nicotine- Coughing, bronchitis, _________, cancer Greatest number of _________ deaths

- emphysema | - preventable