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Biopsychology 316 > Exam 2 - 2/9 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - 2/9 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ - Small and medium blood vessel don’t get blood to hands, fingers, toes

A

Buerger’s Disease

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2
Q

A drug is a _________ that on entering the body changes the body or its _________

A
  • substance

- functioning

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3
Q

A drug is a substance that on entering the _________ changes the _________ or its functioning

A
  • body

- body

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4
Q

_________ mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter

A

-agonist

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5
Q

_________ sits on neurotransmitter receptors blocking the effects of the neurotransmitter

A

antagonist

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6
Q

An antagonist sits on neurotransmitter receptors _________ the effects of the neurotransmitter

A

blocking

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7
Q

An agonist mimics the effect of a _________

A

neurotransmitter

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8
Q

Drugs can alter neurotransmission by:

-Acting as _________ or antagonists

A

-agonists

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9
Q

Drugs can alter neurotransmission by:

-Increasing or decreasing the amount of _________ released

A

-neurotransmitter

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10
Q

Drugs can alter neurotransmission by:

-Blocking the _________ of neurotransmitter into the _________ neuron

A
  • re-uptake

- presynaptic

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11
Q

Psychoactive drugs – those that have _________ effects

A

psychological

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12
Q

Psychoactive drugs – those that have psychological effects (e.g., _________ relief, _________ )

A
  • anxiety

- hallucinations

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13
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________ -
Cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), caffeine, nicotine

A

Stimulants

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14
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

Stimulants-
_________, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), caffeine, _________

A
  • Cocaine

- nicotine

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15
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

Stimulants-
Cocaine, _________, ecstasy (MDMA), _________ , nicotine

A
  • amphetamine

- caffeine

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16
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________ -
Alcohol

A

Sedatives/depressants

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17
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________ -
Morphine, heroin

A

Opiates

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18
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

Opiates-
Morphine, _________

A

heroin

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19
Q

-Categories of Psychoactive Drugs-

_________-
LSD, psilocybin, (ecstasy)

A

Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)

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20
Q

Drugs are categorized according to their _________ action

A

predominant

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21
Q

_________ drugs increase excitement, alertness, motor activity and elevate mood

A

Stimulant

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22
Q

Stimulant drugs increase excitement, alertness, _________ activity and _________ mood

A
  • motor

- elevate

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23
Q

Stimulant drugs increase excitement, alertness, motor activity and elevate mood

Examples: _________, cocaine, methylphenidate, _________, nicotine

A
  • amphetamines

- MDMA (Ecstasy)

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24
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Elevation of mood and increased alertness

A

Cocaine

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25
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

From South American _________ plant
-Leaves chewed or used to make tea in Bolivia, Columbia, and Peru – increases _________ , sense of well-being

A
  • coca

- endurance

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26
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

From South American coca plant
-Leaves chewed or used to make tea in Bolivia, Columbia, and Peru – increases endurance, sense of _________

A

-well-being

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27
Q

_________ - ritalin

A

methylphenidate

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28
Q

_________ - ritalin

A

methylphenidate

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29
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Euphoria, appetite suppressant, increased alertness, decreases fatigue

A

Cocaine

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30
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Euphoria, appetite _________, increased alertness, decreases _________

A
  • suppressant

- fatigue

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31
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Snorted as a powder, injected as a solution, or smoked (freebase, crack) – fast onset increases addiction potential

A

-Cocaine

32
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Snorted as a powder, _________ as a solution, or smoked (freebase, crack) – fast onset increases _________ potential

A
  • injected

- addiction

33
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Mechanism of action:

Blocks _________ transporters on presynaptic terminals increasing the amount of _________ in the synaptic cleft

A
  • dopamine

- dopamine

34
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Mechanism of action:

_________ dopamine transporters on presynaptic terminals increasing the amount of dopamine in the _________

A
  • Blocks

- synaptic cleft

35
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) used to treat ADHD also blocks _________ of dopamine

A

-reuptake

36
Q

Methylphenidate (_________) used to treat ADHD also blocks reuptake of _________

A
  • Ritalin

- dopamine

37
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Mechanism of action:

Blocks reuptake of _________

A

serotonin

38
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Mechanism of action:

  • Reduces _________ inhibition of lower brain structures
    • _________
A
  • cortical

- Euphoria

39
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Mechanism of action:

  • Reduces cortical inhibition of _________ brain structures
  • -Euphoria
A

-lower

40
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-

Withdrawal is _________

A

-mild

41
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-
Withdrawal is mild

  • _________ (lack of pleasure), anxiety, lack of motivation
A

Anhedonia

42
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-
Withdrawal is mild

-Anhedonia (lack of pleasure), _________, lack of _________

A
  • anxiety

- motivation

43
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-
Withdrawal is mild

-Tolerance to _________ effects causes escalation of _________

A
  • euphoric

- dose

44
Q

-Stimulants: Cocaine-
Withdrawal is mild

Long-term use can cause stimulant _________ (sensitization), _________

A
  • psychosis

- seizures

45
Q

Stimulants: _________

Synthetic drug with similar effects to those of cocaine

A

Amphetamine

46
Q

Stimulants: Amphetamine

_________ , increased confidence and concentration, decreased _________

A
  • Euphoria

- appetite

47
Q

Stimulants: _________

Euphoria, increased confidence and concentration, decreased appetite

A

Amphetamine

48
Q

Stimulants: Amphetamine

Euphoria, increased _________ and _________ , decreased appetite

A
  • confidence

- concentration

49
Q

Stimulants: _________

Used to treat narcolepsy

A

Amphetamine

50
Q

Stimulants: _________

Methamphetamine

A

Amphetamine

51
Q

Stimulants: Amphetamine

_________ -
Meth, speed, crank, crystal
Freebase = ice (smokable)

A

Methamphetamine

52
Q

Stimulants: Amphetamine

Methamphetamine -
Meth, speed, _________ , crystal
Freebase = _________ (smokable)

A
  • crank

- ice

53
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Meth, like other stimulants, suppresses _________ and can lead to _________ due to long periods without eating.

A

-appetite

undernourishment

54
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Meth Mouth” is caused by several factors; tooth enamel is dissolved by the harsh _________ of the drug, the blood vessels contained in healthy gums and teeth shrink, increasing the rate of decay, the production of saliva _________ , allowing harmful acids to further damage the mouth, cravings for sugary foods increases with meth use,

A
  • chemicals

- diminishes

55
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Meth Mouth” is caused by several factors; tooth enamel is dissolved by the harsh chemicals of the drug, the blood vessels contained in healthy gums and teeth _________, increasing the rate of decay, the production of saliva diminishes, allowing harmful acids to further damage the mouth, cravings for sugary foods _________ with meth use,

A
  • shrink

- increases

56
Q

-Stimulants: Amphetamine-

Also produces stimulant _________

A

psychosis

57
Q

Anhedonia (lack of _________),

A

pleasure

58
Q

-Stimulants: Amphetamine-

Also produces stimulant psychosis

–Symptoms of paranoid _________

A

schizophrenia

59
Q

-Stimulants: Amphetamine-

Mechanism of action:

-Increases the release of _________ and dopamine

A

norepinephrine

60
Q

-Stimulants: Amphetamine-

Mechanism of action:

-Increases the release of norepinephrine and _________

A

dopamine

61
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Mechanism of action:

Increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine

A

Amphetamine

62
Q

Cocaine is a _________

A

vasoconstrictor

63
Q

Cocaine blocks the _________ channels - creating a local _________

A
  • sodium

- anesthetic

64
Q

-Stimulants: Amphetamine-

Mechanism of action:

  • Increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine
  • _________ depletion
A

Dopamine

65
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Addictive substance in tobacco

A

Nicotine

66
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Smoked (stimulant/sedative – dose dependent), chewed, inhaled (snuff, sedative)

A

Nicotine

67
Q

-Stimulants: Nicotine-

Smoked (stimulant/sedative – dose dependent), _________ , inhaled (snuff, _________ )

A
  • chewed

- sedative

68
Q

-Stimulants: Nicotine-

Large doses - nausea, _________, headaches, convulsions and _________

A
  • vomiting

- death

69
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Large doses - nausea, vomiting, headaches, convulsions and death

A

Nicotine

70
Q

-Stimulants: Nicotine-

Large doses - _________ , vomiting, headaches, _________ and death

A
  • nausea

- convulsions

71
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Withdrawal – nervousness, anxiety, headaches

A

Nicotine

72
Q

-Stimulants: Nicotine-

Withdrawal – _________, anxiety, _________

A
  • nervousness

- headaches

73
Q

-Stimulants: Nicotine-

_________ use – increased health risks from tobacco _________

A
  • Continuous

- smoke

74
Q

-Stimulants: _________ -

Coughing, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer
Greatest number of preventable deaths

A

Nicotine

75
Q
  • LAST CARD -
  • Stimulants: Nicotine-

Coughing, bronchitis, _________, cancer
Greatest number of _________ deaths

A
  • emphysema

- preventable

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

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