Exam 4 - 3/9 Flashcards
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
_________ - a genetic absence of androgen receptors which results in insensitivity to androgens
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - a genetic absence of androgen receptors which results in _________ to androgens
insensitivity
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Androgen insensitivity syndrome -
Internal sex organ development is suppressed by _________ inhibiting hormone
Müllerian
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Androgen insensitivity syndrome -
Insensitivity to androgens - the _________ do not descend and the external genitals develop as feminine (vagina but no _________ or ovaries)
- testes
- uterus
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Androgen insensitivity syndrome -
Insensitivity to androgens - the testes do not descend and the _________ genitals develop as feminine (_________ but no uterus or ovaries)
- external
- vagina
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Androgen insensitivity syndrome -
Androgen insensitive individuals tend to have well-developed _________ and a flawless _________ – often become female fashion models
- breasts
- complexion
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Second type of male pseudohermaphroditism-
Deficiencies in conversion of testosterone to _________
dihydrotestosterone
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Second type of male pseudohermaphroditism-
_________ masculinizes external genitalia (penis and scrotum) before birth
Dihydrotestosterone
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Second type of male pseudohermaphroditism-
Dihydrotestosterone masculinizes external genitalia (_________ and _________) before birth
- penis
- scrotum
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Second type of male pseudohermaphroditism-
_________ masculinizes internal genitalia (vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles) before birth
Testosterone
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Second type of male pseudohermaphroditism-
Testosterone masculinizes internal genitalia (_________, prostate, _________) before birth
- vas deferens
- seminal vesicles
-Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Second type of male pseudohermaphroditism-
- At birth appear to be _________ based on external sex organs
- Change sex at _________
- female
- puberty
Male pseudohermaphroditism-
Deficiency in ___-hydroxysteroid (enzyme) which converts testosterone to _________ .
- 17α
- dihydrotestosterone
Male pseudohermaphroditism -
Deficiency in 17α-hydroxysteroid (enzyme) which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
-Testosterone surge at puberty may partially/fully produce _________ sexual characteristics
-male
Male pseudohermaphroditism -
Deficiency in ___-reductase (enzyme)
-A _________ defect
- 5α
- genetic
Male pseudohermaphroditism -
Deficiency in 5α-reductase (enzyme)
-Generally appear to be _________
females
Male pseudohermaphroditism -
Deficiency in 5α-reductase (enzyme)
At puberty, a penis and _________ grow
May be only _________ developed
- scrotum
- partially
- Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
- Excessive _________ during fetal development cause masculinization of external genitals of _________ fetuses
- androgens
- female
_________ Pseudohermaphrodites-
-Excessive androgens during fetal development cause masculinization of _________ genitals of female fetuses
- Female
- external
-Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
_________ organs are female – no müllerian inhibiting hormone which suppresses development of _________ internal genitalia
- Internal
- female
-Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
Internal organs are female – no _________ hormone which suppresses development of female _________ genitalia
- müllerian inhibiting
- internal
-Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
_________ can be as large as a newborn’s penis
Clitoris
-Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
Labia partially or completely _________
fused
-Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
_________ -
–One example of female pseudohermaphrodites caused by excessive androgen production
-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
–One example of female pseudohermaphrodites caused by excessive _________ production
androgen
- Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
_________ - adrenal glands produce large amounts of androgens during fetal development and after birth
Enzyme defect
- Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Enzyme defect - adrenal glands produce large amounts of androgens during _________ development and after _________
- fetal
- birth
- Female Pseudohermaphrodites-
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
_________ hormone levels can be normalized by corticosteroids
Postnatal
XXXXXXXXXX
Pseudohermaphrodites – most common
- _________ internal and/or external organs
- Gonads consistent with _________ sex
- Ambiguous
- chromosomal
XXXXXXXXXX
Pseudohermaphrodites – most common
- Ambiguous internal and/or external _________
- _________ consistent with chromosomal sex
- organs
- Gonads
XXXXXXXXXX
Male pseudohermaphrodites
- Deficiency in 17α-hydroxysteroid – little _________
- Deficiency in 5α-reductase - little _________
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome – absence of _________ receptors
- -Androgen insensitivity syndrome one in _________ births
- dihydrotestosterone
- dihydrotestosterone
- androgen
- 13,000
XXXXXXXXXX
Female pseudohermaphrodites
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia – adrenal glands produce _________ amounts of androgen
- _________ congenital adrenal hyperplasia one in 13,000 births
- large
- Classical
XXXXXXXXXX
Female pseudohermaphrodites
- _________ adrenal hyperplasia – adrenal glands produce large amounts of _________
- -Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia one in 13,000 births
- Congenital
- androgen
_________ theory
-accept gender based on how they are raised even if raised as gender opposite their _________ sex
- “gender neutral at birth”
- chromosomal
“gender neutral at birth” theory
-accept gender based on how they are raised even if raised as gender _________ their chromosomal sex
-opposite
“gender neutral at birth” theory
-rearing has a greater influence than chromosomal sex or _________ exposure
-hormonal
_________ theory
-Individuals with ambiguous genitals are raised as the sex that most closely matches the genitals
Sexuality at birth
Sexuality at birth theory
-Individuals with ambiguous genitals are raised as the sex that most closely matches the _________
genitals
Sexuality at birth theory
External genitalia reflect the influence of prenatal exposure to _________
hormones
_________ theory
Individuals are likely to accept this gender
Sexuality at birth
Sexuality at birth theory
Some individuals assigned a gender have reverted to their _________ gender later in life
chromosomal
Women born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- _________ as children
- higher _________ ability - a typically masculine ability
- tomboyish
- spatial
_________ - spatial tasks
Males
Androgen-insensitive males are typically _________ in behavior and cognitive abilities
feminine
- LAST CARD -
_________- Verbal ability
Females
