Exam 3 - 2/14 Flashcards
Stimulants: _________
Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors
Nicotine
Stimulants: Nicotine
Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of _________ (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors
acetylcholine
Stimulants: Nicotine
Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) ______-synaptic receptors
post
Stimulants: Nicotine
Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors
Also activates _________ neurons through _________ receptors
- dopamine
- nicotinic
Stimulants: Nicotine
Also activates dopamine neurons through nicotinic receptors
Increases _________
alertness
XXXXXXXXXX
Stimulants: Caffeine
- active ingredient in coffee _________, increased alertness, and decreased _________
- arousal
- sleepiness
XXXXXXXXXX
Stimulants: Caffeine
Indirectly increases the release of _________ and acetylcholine by blocking _________ receptors
- dopamine
- adenosine
XXXXXXXXXX
Stimulants: Caffeine
Indirectly increases the release of dopamine and _________ by _________ adenosine receptors
- acetylcholine
- blocking
XXXXXXXXXX
Stimulants: Caffeine
Withdrawal – _________, fatigue, _________
Short term effects – ≤ 1 week
- headache
- shakiness
XXXXXXXXXX
Stimulants: Caffeine
Withdrawal – headache, fatigue, shakiness
Short term effects – ≤ __ week
1
_________ : Alcohol
A stimulant (low doses) - reduces cortical inhibition Decreases anxiety and inhibitions, increases social interactions
Sedatives
Sedatives: Alcohol
A stimulant (low doses) - reduces \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inhibition Decreases anxiety and inhibitions, increases \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interactions
- cortical
- social
Sedatives: Alcohol
A stimulant (low doses) - reduces cortical inhibition -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ anxiety and inhibitions, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ social interactions
- Decreases
- increases
Sedatives: Alcohol
- High doses cause _________, coma and _________
- Long term use causes cirrhosis of the liver
- sedation
- death
Sedatives: Alcohol
-Long term use causes ________ of the liver
cirrhosis
Sedatives: Alcohol
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) _________ – brain damage and Korsakoff’s syndrome (_________)
- deficiency
- dementia
Sedatives: Alcohol
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency – _________ damage and _________ syndrome (dementia)
- brain
- Korsakoff’s
Sedatives: Alcohol
Withdrawal
- Can be dangerous
- _________ tremens
- –tremors, anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, _________, death
- Delirium
- seizures
Sedatives: Alcohol
Withdrawal
- Can be dangerous
- -Delirium tremens
- _________ , anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, seizures, _________
- tremors
- death
Mechanism of action of Alcohol
Increases effects at _________ receptor complex – increases _________ effects
- GABAA
- inhibitory
Mechanism of action of _________
Increases effects at GABAA receptor complex – increases inhibitory effects
Alcohol
Mechanism of action of Alcohol
_________ effects at GABAA receptor complex – _________ inhibitory effects
- Increases
- increases
Mechanism of action of Alcohol
Inhibits release of _________, an excitatory neurotransmitter – also produces _________
- glutamate
- inhibition
Mechanism of action of Alcohol
_________ release of glutamate, an _________ neurotransmitter – also produces inhibition
- Inhibits
- excitatory
Mechanism of action of Alcohol
Increases _________ release
dopamine
_________ -
Morphine, heroin, methadone
Opiates
Opiates
_________ is derived from the opium poppy
Morphine
Opiates
_________ is synthesized from morphine
Heroin
Opiates
_________ is synthetic
Methadone
Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone
_________ (pain relieving) and _________ (sleep inducing)
- Analgesic
- hypnotic
Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone
_________ (sense of happiness, of ecstasy)
Euphoria
Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone
_________ enters the brain more quickly than _________ and is more addictive
- Heroin
- morphine
Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone
Heroin enters the brain more quickly than morphine and is more _________
addictive
Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone
High risk of _________ - uncertainty of purity of street drug, _________ causes increase in dose, conditioned tolerance
- overdose
- tolerance
Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
-_________ at endogenous post-synaptic opioid receptors
-Indirectly activates _________ pathways
- Agonist
- dopamine
Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
-Agonist at _________ post-synaptic _________ receptors
-Indirectly activates dopamine pathways
- endogenous
- opioid
Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
_________, enkephalins, _________ – body’s natural opioids
- Endorphins
- dynorphins
Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
Endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins – body’s natural _________
opioids
Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
- Withdrawal (generally mild to severe, not life-threatening*)
- -Resembles _________
- -Agitation, anxiety, muscle aches, _________, sweating, diarrhea, nausea
- flu
- insomnia
- LAST CARD -
Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
- Withdrawal (generally mild to severe, _________ life-threatening*)
- -Resembles flu
- -Agitation, anxiety, muscle aches, insomnia, sweating, diarrhea, _________
- not
- nausea
