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Biopsychology 316 > Exam 3 - 2/14 > Flashcards

Exam 3 - 2/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulants: _________

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors

A

Nicotine

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2
Q

Stimulants: Nicotine

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of _________ (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors

A

acetylcholine

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3
Q

Stimulants: Nicotine

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) ______-synaptic receptors

A

post

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4
Q

Stimulants: Nicotine

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors

Also activates _________ neurons through _________ receptors

A
  • dopamine

- nicotinic

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5
Q

Stimulants: Nicotine

Also activates dopamine neurons through nicotinic receptors

Increases _________

A

alertness

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6
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

  • active ingredient in coffee _________, increased alertness, and decreased _________
A
  • arousal

- sleepiness

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7
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Indirectly increases the release of _________ and acetylcholine by blocking _________ receptors

A
  • dopamine

- adenosine

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8
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Indirectly increases the release of dopamine and _________ by _________ adenosine receptors

A
  • acetylcholine

- blocking

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9
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Withdrawal – _________, fatigue, _________
Short term effects – ≤ 1 week

A
  • headache

- shakiness

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10
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Withdrawal – headache, fatigue, shakiness
Short term effects – ≤ __ week

A

1

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11
Q

_________ : Alcohol

A stimulant (low doses) - reduces cortical inhibition
Decreases anxiety and inhibitions, increases social interactions
A

Sedatives

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12
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

A stimulant (low doses) - reduces \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  inhibition
Decreases anxiety and inhibitions, increases \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interactions
A
  • cortical

- social

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13
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

A stimulant (low doses) - reduces cortical inhibition
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ anxiety and inhibitions, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ social interactions
A
  • Decreases

- increases

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14
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

  • High doses cause _________, coma and _________
  • Long term use causes cirrhosis of the liver
A
  • sedation

- death

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15
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

-Long term use causes ________ of the liver

A

cirrhosis

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16
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) _________ – brain damage and Korsakoff’s syndrome (_________)

A
  • deficiency

- dementia

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17
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency – _________ damage and _________ syndrome (dementia)

A
  • brain

- Korsakoff’s

18
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

Withdrawal

  • Can be dangerous
    • _________ tremens
  • –tremors, anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, _________, death
A
  • Delirium

- seizures

19
Q

Sedatives: Alcohol

Withdrawal

  • Can be dangerous
  • -Delirium tremens
      • _________ , anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, seizures, _________
A
  • tremors

- death

20
Q

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

Increases effects at _________ receptor complex – increases _________ effects

A
  • GABAA

- inhibitory

21
Q

Mechanism of action of _________

Increases effects at GABAA receptor complex – increases inhibitory effects

A

Alcohol

22
Q

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

_________ effects at GABAA receptor complex – _________ inhibitory effects

A
  • Increases

- increases

23
Q

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

Inhibits release of _________, an excitatory neurotransmitter – also produces _________

A
  • glutamate

- inhibition

24
Q

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

_________ release of glutamate, an _________ neurotransmitter – also produces inhibition

A
  • Inhibits

- excitatory

25
Q

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

Increases _________ release

A

dopamine

26
Q

_________ -

Morphine, heroin, methadone

A

Opiates

27
Q

Opiates

_________ is derived from the opium poppy

A

Morphine

28
Q

Opiates

_________ is synthesized from morphine

A

Heroin

29
Q

Opiates

_________ is synthetic

A

Methadone

30
Q

Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone

_________ (pain relieving) and _________ (sleep inducing)

A
  • Analgesic

- hypnotic

31
Q

Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone

_________ (sense of happiness, of ecstasy)

A

Euphoria

32
Q

Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone

_________ enters the brain more quickly than _________ and is more addictive

A
  • Heroin

- morphine

33
Q

Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone

Heroin enters the brain more quickly than morphine and is more _________

A

addictive

34
Q

Opiates-
Morphine, heroin, methadone

High risk of _________ - uncertainty of purity of street drug, _________ causes increase in dose, conditioned tolerance

A
  • overdose

- tolerance

35
Q

Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
-_________ at endogenous post-synaptic opioid receptors
-Indirectly activates _________ pathways

A
  • Agonist

- dopamine

36
Q

Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:
-Agonist at _________ post-synaptic _________ receptors
-Indirectly activates dopamine pathways

A
  • endogenous

- opioid

37
Q

Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:

_________, enkephalins, _________ – body’s natural opioids

A
  • Endorphins

- dynorphins

38
Q

Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:

Endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins – body’s natural _________

A

opioids

39
Q

Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:

  • Withdrawal (generally mild to severe, not life-threatening*)
  • -Resembles _________
  • -Agitation, anxiety, muscle aches, _________, sweating, diarrhea, nausea
A
  • flu

- insomnia

40
Q
  • LAST CARD -

Opiates-
Mechanisms of action:

  • Withdrawal (generally mild to severe, _________ life-threatening*)
  • -Resembles flu
  • -Agitation, anxiety, muscle aches, insomnia, sweating, diarrhea, _________
A
  • not

- nausea

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

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