Exam 3 - 2/14 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

Stimulants: _________

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors

Nicotine

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Stimulants: Nicotine

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of _________ (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors

acetylcholine

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Stimulants: Nicotine

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) ______-synaptic receptors

post

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Stimulants: Nicotine

Mechanism of action:
Stimulation of subtype of acetylcholine (nicotinic) post-synaptic receptors

Also activates _________ neurons through _________ receptors

dopamine

- nicotinic

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Stimulants: Nicotine

Also activates dopamine neurons through nicotinic receptors

Increases _________

alertness

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XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

active ingredient in coffee _________, increased alertness, and decreased _________

arousal

- sleepiness

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XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Indirectly increases the release of _________ and acetylcholine by blocking _________ receptors

dopamine

- adenosine

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XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Indirectly increases the release of dopamine and _________ by _________ adenosine receptors

acetylcholine

- blocking

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XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Withdrawal – _________, fatigue, _________
Short term effects – ≤ 1 week

headache

- shakiness

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XXXXXXXXXX

Stimulants: Caffeine

Withdrawal – headache, fatigue, shakiness
Short term effects – ≤ __ week

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_________ : Alcohol

A stimulant (low doses) - reduces cortical inhibition
Decreases anxiety and inhibitions, increases social interactions

Sedatives

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Sedatives: Alcohol

A stimulant (low doses) - reduces \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  inhibition
Decreases anxiety and inhibitions, increases \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interactions

cortical

- social

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Sedatives: Alcohol

A stimulant (low doses) - reduces cortical inhibition
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ anxiety and inhibitions, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ social interactions

Decreases

- increases

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Sedatives: Alcohol

High doses cause _________, coma and _________
Long term use causes cirrhosis of the liver

sedation

- death

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Sedatives: Alcohol

-Long term use causes ________ of the liver

cirrhosis

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Sedatives: Alcohol

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) _________ – brain damage and Korsakoff’s syndrome (_________)

deficiency

- dementia

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Sedatives: Alcohol

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency – _________ damage and _________ syndrome (dementia)

brain

- Korsakoff’s

Sedatives: Alcohol

Withdrawal

Can be dangerous
- _________ tremens
–tremors, anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, _________, death

Delirium

- seizures

Sedatives: Alcohol

Withdrawal

Can be dangerous
-Delirium tremens
- - _________ , anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, seizures, _________

tremors

- death

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

Increases effects at _________ receptor complex – increases _________ effects

GABAA

- inhibitory

Mechanism of action of _________

Increases effects at GABAA receptor complex – increases inhibitory effects

Alcohol

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

_________ effects at GABAA receptor complex – _________ inhibitory effects

Increases

- increases

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

Inhibits release of _________, an excitatory neurotransmitter – also produces _________

glutamate

- inhibition

Mechanism of action of Alcohol

_________ release of glutamate, an _________ neurotransmitter – also produces inhibition

Inhibits

- excitatory

Mechanism of action of Alcohol Increases _________ release

dopamine

_________ - | Morphine, heroin, methadone

Opiates

Opiates _________ is derived from the opium poppy

Morphine

Opiates _________ is synthesized from morphine

Heroin

Opiates _________ is synthetic

Methadone

Opiates- Morphine, heroin, methadone _________ (pain relieving) and _________ (sleep inducing)

- Analgesic | - hypnotic

Opiates- Morphine, heroin, methadone _________ (sense of happiness, of ecstasy)

Euphoria

Opiates- Morphine, heroin, methadone _________ enters the brain more quickly than _________ and is more addictive

- Heroin | - morphine

Opiates- Morphine, heroin, methadone Heroin enters the brain more quickly than morphine and is more _________

addictive

Opiates- Morphine, heroin, methadone High risk of _________ - uncertainty of purity of street drug, _________ causes increase in dose, conditioned tolerance

- overdose | - tolerance

Opiates- Mechanisms of action: -_________ at endogenous post-synaptic opioid receptors -Indirectly activates _________ pathways

- Agonist | - dopamine

Opiates- Mechanisms of action: -Agonist at _________ post-synaptic _________ receptors -Indirectly activates dopamine pathways

- endogenous | - opioid

Opiates- Mechanisms of action: _________, enkephalins, _________ – body’s natural opioids

- Endorphins | - dynorphins

Opiates- Mechanisms of action: Endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins – body’s natural _________

opioids

Opiates- Mechanisms of action: - Withdrawal (generally mild to severe, not life-threatening*) - -Resembles _________ - -Agitation, anxiety, muscle aches, _________, sweating, diarrhea, nausea

- flu | - insomnia

- LAST CARD - Opiates- Mechanisms of action: - Withdrawal (generally mild to severe, _________ life-threatening*) - -Resembles flu - -Agitation, anxiety, muscle aches, insomnia, sweating, diarrhea, _________

- not | - nausea