Exam 4: The Digestive System

Question 1

?: the uncomfortable sensation caused by stomach acid moving up into the esophagus due to weakened lower esophageal sphincter, hiatal hernia, or increased pressure

Answer 1

Heartburn

Question 2

?: an opening in the diaphragm that allows the stomach to move upward

Answer 2

Hiatal hernia

Question 3

?: the stomach secretion that activates pepsinogen to it’s active form, pepsin

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid

Question 4

?: the stomach secretion responsible for protein digestion

Answer 4

Pepsin

Question 5

?: the process of food moving from the stomach into the small intestine

Answer 5

Gastric emptying

Question 6

excess _____, _____, and _____ in the small intestine delays gastric emptying

Answer 6

fat, acid, chyme

Question 7

?: the property of the small intestine that allows for motility and mixing

Answer 7

segmentation

Question 8

?: the fold of the small intestine

Answer 8

plicae circulares

Question 9

?: the finger-like projections of the small intestine that increase the surface area by 600x for absorption

Answer 9

villi

Question 10

?: the name of the membrane of the small intestine that contains digestive enzymes

Answer 10

brush-border membrane

Question 11

?: the enzymes of the brush-border membrane

Answer 11

peptidases and disaccharidases

Question 12

?:

inflammation of the diverticula that may be caused by low fiber diets

Answer 12

Dicerticultis

Question 13

?: the disorder of the large intestine characterized by inflammation of and lesions in the colon; symptoms include abdominal pain and blood in stool

Answer 13

Crohn’s disease

Question 14

?:

the disorder of the large intestine characterized by lesions in the colon

Answer 14

Ulcerative colitis

Question 15

?: the disorder of the large intestine characterized by diarrhea, gas, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain

Answer 15

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 16

the accessory digestive organs include

Answer 16

pancreas, gall bladder, liver

Question 17

?: the accessory digestive organ that has exocrine and endocrine functions

Answer 17

pancreas

Question 18

?: the enzyme for starch digestion

Answer 18

Amylase

Question 19

?: the enzyme for fat digestion

Answer 19

lipase

Question 20

?: the enzyme for protein digestion

Answer 20

Trypsin

Question 21

?:

inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 21

pancreatitis

Question 22

?: inflammation of the pancreas due to a blocked duct (usually caused by gallstones)

Answer 22

acute pancreatitis

Question 23

chronic pancreatitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the pancreas due to alcohol abuse

Question 24

?: the accessory digestive organ that produces plasma proteins, removes bilirubin, makes bile salts, metabolizes alcohol, stores nutrients, and removes toxins

Answer 24

Liver

Question 25

?: the substance manufactured in the liver as a result of hemoglobin and cell breakdown

Answer 25

Bile

Question 26

?: the cholesterol derivatives that emulsify fat and then are reabsorbed into the blood

Answer 26

Bile Salts

Question 27

?: a condition involving the yellowing of the skin and conjunctiva due to deposits of bilirubin from the breakdown of RBCs

Answer 27

Jaundice

Question 28

?: the type of jaundice that is caused by obstructed bile ducts by gall stones so that bile cannot drain out of the liver and overflows into the blood

Answer 28

Obstructive Jaundice

Question 29

?: the type of jaundice that results from RBCs being broken down in large quantities

Answer 29

hemolytic jaundice

Question 30

?: the type of jaundice that results from an immature liver that cannot excrete the bilirubin as quickly as it is formed; common in newborns and treated by UV light exposure

Answer 30

physiologic jaundice

Question 31

?: the regulatory mechanisms of secretion stimulated by distension of the digestive wall

Answer 31

Mechanoreceptors

Question 32

?: | the regulatory mechanisms of secretion stimulated by the osmolality of chyme

Answer 32

osmoreceptors

Question 33

?: the regulatory mechanisms of secretion stimulated by the acidity of chyme

Answer 33

chemoreceptors

Question 34

?: the hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the release of HCl and pepsinogen and increases intestinal movement

Answer 34

Gastrin

Question 35

?: the hormone secreted by the small intestine that stimulates the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice

Answer 35

cholecystokin (CCK)

Question 36

?: the hormone secreted by the small intestine that stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits gastric motility and secretion

Answer 36

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 37

?: the hormone secreted by the small intestine that helps regulate the pH of the duodenum by inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid and stimulating the production of bicarbonate in the pancreas

Answer 37

Secretin

Question 38

?: the phase of gastric secretion initiated when receptors in the head are stimulated by senses

Answer 38

Cephalic Phase

Question 39

?: the phase of gastric secretion that begins when food reaches the stomach; the presence of protein increases gastric secretions

Answer 39

Gastric phase

Question 40

?: the phase of gastric secretion that is initiated by stimuli in the intestinal tract (distension, acidity, osmolarity, etc.)

Answer 40

intestinal phase

Question 41

?: the component of total daily energy expenditure (TDE) that is the amount of energy required to support basic biological functions if the body was at rest all day

Answer 41

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 42

?: the component of total daily energy expenditure (TDE) that is the energy required to digestion, absorption, and disposal of nutrients in the food consumed

Answer 42

thermic effect of food (TEF)

Question 43

?: the component of total daily energy expenditure (TDE) that is the energy required to digestion, absorption, and disposal of nutrients in the food consumed

Answer 43

thermic effect of food (TEF)

Question 44

?: the component of total daily energy expenditure (TEE) that describes the increase in the metabolic rate and energy expenditure during exercise

Answer 44

thermic effect of exercise (TEE)

Question 45

?: the amount of energy expelled during all non-exercise activities in one day (chewing gum, fidgeting, etc.)

Answer 45

non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)