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2017 physiology > Exam 4: Reproductive System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Body (Somatic) Cells Chromosome number and pairs

A

Contain 46 Chromosomes (diploid #)

-23 homologous pairs

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2
Q

Gametes (sperm & egg) chromosomes

A

Have 23 chromosomes (haploid #)

-Contains only one number of each homologous pair of chromosomes

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3
Q

Autosomes

A

22 pairs which code for general human characteristics and specific traits such as eye color

1-22 are autosomes

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4
Q

?: Remaining pair of chromosomes

  • two genetically different types
  • Larger X Chromosome
  • Smaller Y Chromosome

Female: XX
Male: XY

A

Sex Chromosomes

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5
Q

? chromosome: responsible for all the anatomic and functional distinctions between males and females

A

Y Chromosome

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6
Q

Secreting sex hormones
Males:
Females:

A

Testosterone

Estrogen and proesterone

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7
Q

How many sperm are there?

A

Male sperm is produced in massive #s (30 million/day)

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8
Q

The Epididymis is for?

A

storage of mature sperm

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9
Q

Vas Deferens function?

A

Conduct sperm out of scrotum into the pelvic cavity

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10
Q

?: merger point of both vas deferens and secretions from the seminal vesicles (forms 60% of semen volume; rich in fructose)

A

Ejaculatory Duct

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11
Q

?: Conducts semen to exterior; receives prostate gland secretions

A

Urethra

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12
Q

?: perform dual function: Produce sperm (occurs within seminiferous tubules) & secrete testosterone

A

Testes

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13
Q

?: site of sperm production (spermatogenesis)

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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14
Q

?: Leydig Cells; produce testosterone

A

Interstitial tissue

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15
Q

Spermatogenesis

A
  • Germ cells: calls that go on to make gametes
  • undergo mitosis and meiosis
  • Undergoes mitosis also bc they need to generate more (duplicate)
  • continuous once starts
  • 1 germ cells gives rise to 4 sperm
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16
Q
  • Germ cells: calls that go on to make gametes
  • undergo mitosis and meiosis
  • Undergoes mitosis also bc they need to generate more (duplicate)
  • continuous once starts
  • 1 germ cells gives rise to 4 sperm
A

Spermatogenesis

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17
Q

____ Cells: “nannies” of the sperm: help sperm develop (in the middle)

A

Sertoli

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18
Q

____ ____:

  • form blood-testes barrier
  • provide nourishment
  • secrete seminiferous tubule fluid which flushes released sperm from tubule into epididymis for storage and additional processing
  • secrete antigen-binding protein
  • site of actin to control spermatogenesis: release inhibin, acts in (-) feedback to regulate FSH secretion
A

Sertoli Cells

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19
Q

The head of the sperm contains ? while the tail is used for ?

A

DNA

Movement

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20
Q

Erection function by

Areioles:

A

Arerioles: control blood flow into the erectile tissue

-Dilation for erection: PNS (stimulates release of NO)

21
Q

?:

  • Produces ova (oogenesis)
  • reception of sperm
  • transport of sperm and ovum to common site for union (fertilization or conception)
A

Female reproductive organs

22
Q

exchange organ between mother and fetus

A

Placenta

23
Q

Partuiriton means

A

giving birth to a baby

24
Q

Primary reproductive organ of female are ?

A

Ovaries

25
Q

Secondary reproductive organs of females are

A
  • Oviducts
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
26
Q

Oviducts function

A
  • pick up ova on ovulation

- serve as site for fertilization

27
Q

Uterus functions

A
  • responsible for maintenance of fetus during development

- responsible for expelling fetus at end of pregnancy

28
Q

?:
tube that connects uterus to external environment
lower portion of cervix: serves as passageway for delivery of baby from uterus

A

Vagina

29
Q

?: at birth ovaries contain 2 million primary oocytes

  • 400,000 remain at puberty
  • release of one egg per month
  • About 400 in total in lifetime, rest degenerate
A

Oogenesis

30
Q

?: dominant follicle: the one who will actually release egg

  • during meiosis one egg becomes degenerate (polar body)
  • so end of meiosis you are left with one egg
A

Graafian follicale

31
Q

?:

  • first half of cycle (1-14 days)
  • Develop with FSH stimulation leading to formation of graafian follicle
  • FSH stimulates the granulosa cells to proliferate and secrete estrogen
  • LH stimulates theca cells which secrete androgen
A

Fullicular phase

32
Q 
?: 
14-28 days 
-old follicular cells form corpus luteum
-fully functional within 4-5 days
-If ovum is not fertilized, corpus luteum degenerates within about 14 days after formation
A

Luteal Phase

33
Q

Uterine cycle refers to hormonal changes during

A

the ovarian cycle (average is 28 days)

34
Q

Mestrual phase lasts

A

1-4 days

35
Q

Fertilization (Phase 1):
Fallopian tubes is site of fertilization
-must occur within 24 hrs after ovulation
-Sperm is deposited in vagina through cervical canal, uterus, and to upper 3rd of oviduvt
-Within hour sperm & egg nuclei fuse (fertilized ovum now called zygote)

A

ye

36
Q

?:
4-14 days
-begins concurrent with last portion of ovarian follicular phase
-Endometrium proliferates (regrows) under influence of estrogen from newly growing follicles
-last from end of menstruation to ovulation

A

Proliferate phase

37
Q

:?
14-28 days
-after ovulation when corpus luteum formed
-corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone and estrogen

A

Secretory Phase

38
Q

Stage?
Embryonic Development:
-fertilized ovum divides by mitosis
-within week grows into blastocyst

A

2

39
Q

Blastocyst stage?

Implantation: releases enzymes to help it burrow in
-Blastocys implants in endometrial lining by enzymes released by trophoblast cells of blastocyst

A

3

40
Q

Hcg (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ) function

A

maintains corpus luteum until placenta takes over function

41
Q

What hormone produces milk?

A

Estrogen

42
Q

What hormone prevents contraction of uterus

A

Progesterone

43
Q

?: after placentral explusion during partuition, prolactin levels rise (milk production ensues)

A

Lactation

44
Q
  1. the changes in the uterus that occur during the secretory phase and the uterine cycle r mediate by?
A

Increase in progesterone from corpus luteum

45
Q
  1. When does the 2nd meiotic division oogenesis occur?
A

after fertlization (1st occurs before ovulation)

46
Q

The secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum during pregnancies is maintained by the hormone _________ until the corpus leutum degenerates by placenta.

A

Hcg

47
Q

Male or Female?

LH –> Leydig cells –> secrete testostrone

FSH –> Spermotogenesis

A

Male

48
Q

Male or Female?

LH –> Theca Cells

FSH –> Follicle Growth

A

Female

2017 physiology (20 decks)

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