Exam 4: Reproductive System

Question 1

Body (Somatic) Cells Chromosome number and pairs

Answer 1

Contain 46 Chromosomes (diploid #)

-23 homologous pairs

Question 2

Gametes (sperm & egg) chromosomes

Answer 2

Have 23 chromosomes (haploid #)

-Contains only one number of each homologous pair of chromosomes

Question 3

Autosomes

Answer 3

22 pairs which code for general human characteristics and specific traits such as eye color

1-22 are autosomes

Question 4

?: Remaining pair of chromosomes

• two genetically different types
• Larger X Chromosome
• Smaller Y Chromosome

Female: XX
Male: XY

Answer 4

Sex Chromosomes

Question 5

? chromosome: responsible for all the anatomic and functional distinctions between males and females

Answer 5

Y Chromosome

Question 6

Secreting sex hormones
Males:
Females:

Answer 6

Testosterone

Estrogen and proesterone

Question 7

How many sperm are there?

Answer 7

Male sperm is produced in massive #s (30 million/day)

Question 8

The Epididymis is for?

Answer 8

storage of mature sperm

Question 9

Vas Deferens function?

Answer 9

Conduct sperm out of scrotum into the pelvic cavity

Question 10

?: merger point of both vas deferens and secretions from the seminal vesicles (forms 60% of semen volume; rich in fructose)

Answer 10

Ejaculatory Duct

Question 11

?: Conducts semen to exterior; receives prostate gland secretions

Answer 11

Urethra

Question 12

?: perform dual function: Produce sperm (occurs within seminiferous tubules) & secrete testosterone

Answer 12

Testes

Question 13

?: site of sperm production (spermatogenesis)

Answer 13

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 14

?: Leydig Cells; produce testosterone

Answer 14

Interstitial tissue

Question 15

Spermatogenesis

Answer 15

• Germ cells: calls that go on to make gametes
• undergo mitosis and meiosis
• Undergoes mitosis also bc they need to generate more (duplicate)
• continuous once starts
• 1 germ cells gives rise to 4 sperm

Question 16

• Germ cells: calls that go on to make gametes
• undergo mitosis and meiosis
• Undergoes mitosis also bc they need to generate more (duplicate)
• continuous once starts
• 1 germ cells gives rise to 4 sperm

Answer 16

Spermatogenesis

Question 17

____ Cells: “nannies” of the sperm: help sperm develop (in the middle)

Answer 17

Sertoli

Question 18

____ ____:

• form blood-testes barrier
• provide nourishment
• secrete seminiferous tubule fluid which flushes released sperm from tubule into epididymis for storage and additional processing
• secrete antigen-binding protein
• site of actin to control spermatogenesis: release inhibin, acts in (-) feedback to regulate FSH secretion

Answer 18

Sertoli Cells

Question 19

The head of the sperm contains ? while the tail is used for ?

Answer 19

DNA

Movement

Question 20

Erection function by

Areioles:

Answer 20

Arerioles: control blood flow into the erectile tissue

-Dilation for erection: PNS (stimulates release of NO)

Question 21

?:

• Produces ova (oogenesis)
• reception of sperm
• transport of sperm and ovum to common site for union (fertilization or conception)

Answer 21

Female reproductive organs

Question 22

exchange organ between mother and fetus

Answer 22

Placenta

Question 23

Partuiriton means

Answer 23

giving birth to a baby

Question 24

Primary reproductive organ of female are ?

Answer 24

Ovaries

Question 25

Secondary reproductive organs of females are

Answer 25

- Oviducts - Uterus - Vagina

Question 26

Oviducts function

Answer 26

- pick up ova on ovulation | - serve as site for fertilization

Question 27

Uterus functions

Answer 27

- responsible for maintenance of fetus during development | - responsible for expelling fetus at end of pregnancy

Question 28

?: tube that connects uterus to external environment lower portion of cervix: serves as passageway for delivery of baby from uterus

Answer 28

Vagina

Question 29

?: at birth ovaries contain 2 million primary oocytes - 400,000 remain at puberty - release of one egg per month - About 400 in total in lifetime, rest degenerate

Answer 29

Oogenesis

Question 30

?: dominant follicle: the one who will actually release egg - during meiosis one egg becomes degenerate (polar body) - so end of meiosis you are left with one egg

Answer 30

Graafian follicale

Question 31

?: - first half of cycle (1-14 days) - Develop with FSH stimulation leading to formation of graafian follicle - FSH stimulates the granulosa cells to proliferate and secrete estrogen - LH stimulates theca cells which secrete androgen

Answer 31

Fullicular phase

Question 32

``` ?: 14-28 days -old follicular cells form corpus luteum -fully functional within 4-5 days -If ovum is not fertilized, corpus luteum degenerates within about 14 days after formation ```

Answer 32

Luteal Phase

Question 33

Uterine cycle refers to hormonal changes during

Answer 33

the ovarian cycle (average is 28 days)

Question 34

Mestrual phase lasts

Answer 34

1-4 days

Question 35

Fertilization (Phase 1): Fallopian tubes is site of fertilization -must occur within 24 hrs after ovulation -Sperm is deposited in vagina through cervical canal, uterus, and to upper 3rd of oviduvt -Within hour sperm & egg nuclei fuse (fertilized ovum now called zygote)

Answer 35

ye

Question 36

?: 4-14 days -begins concurrent with last portion of ovarian follicular phase -Endometrium proliferates (regrows) under influence of estrogen from newly growing follicles -last from end of menstruation to ovulation

Answer 36

Proliferate phase

Question 37

:? 14-28 days -after ovulation when corpus luteum formed -corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone and estrogen

Answer 37

Secretory Phase

Question 38

Stage? Embryonic Development: -fertilized ovum divides by mitosis -within week grows into blastocyst

Answer 38

2

Question 39

Blastocyst stage? Implantation: releases enzymes to help it burrow in -Blastocys implants in endometrial lining by enzymes released by trophoblast cells of blastocyst

Answer 39

3

Question 40

Hcg (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ) function

Answer 40

maintains corpus luteum until placenta takes over function

Question 41

What hormone produces milk?

Answer 41

Estrogen

Question 42

What hormone prevents contraction of uterus

Answer 42

Progesterone

Question 43

?: after placentral explusion during partuition, prolactin levels rise (milk production ensues)

Answer 43

Lactation

Question 44

5. the changes in the uterus that occur during the secretory phase and the uterine cycle r mediate by?

Answer 44

Increase in progesterone from corpus luteum

Question 45

4. When does the 2nd meiotic division oogenesis occur?

Answer 45

after fertlization (1st occurs before ovulation)

Question 46

The secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum during pregnancies is maintained by the hormone _________ until the corpus leutum degenerates by placenta.

Answer 46

Hcg

Question 47

Male or Female? LH --> Leydig cells --> secrete testostrone FSH --> Spermotogenesis

Answer 47

Male

Question 48

Male or Female? LH --> Theca Cells FSH --> Follicle Growth

Answer 48

Female