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2017 physiology > Exam 2 part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 2 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The brain and spinal chord (control and integration) is part if the _____

A

CNS

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2
Q

(spinal nerves/cranial nerves)

are part of the ____

A

CNS

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3
Q

______ _____ is the base of the axon

A

Axonal hilock

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4
Q

A neuron is a

A

nerve cell

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5
Q

Info from dendrites flows into _____ into the axon. Terminates in the axon terminals.

A

soma=cellbody

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6
Q

Another name for a cell body is a ____

A

Soma

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7
Q

Myelination is essentially _____

A

insulation

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8
Q

Afferent means _____ and is largely in the direction of periphery/brain to muscles/ brain

A

away/sensory
periphery
brain

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9
Q

Efferent means _____ and is largely in the direction of periphery/brain to muscles/brain

A

towards/effectors
brain
periphery

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10
Q

_______ help the blood brain barrier. Also a sponge that takes extra neurotransmitter.

A

Astrocytes

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11
Q

The change in membrane charge excites muscle for control from ___ up to ___

A

-70

+30

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12
Q

Membrane relatively permeable to K+/Na+

Membrane somewhat non permeable to K+/Na+

A

K+

Na+

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13
Q

-70 —> 0
depolarization
hyperparization
overshoot

A

depolarization

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14
Q

-70—> -90
depolarization
hyperparization
overshoot

A

hyperparization

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15
Q

0—>30
depolarization
hyperparization
overshoot

A

overshoot

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16
Q

Cells have leaky channels for __

A

K+

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17
Q

How does a K+ voltage gate work?

A

open when a particular membrane potential is reached; closed at resting potential.

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18
Q

The amount of light that impinges on the retina is primarily regulated by what structure?

a. cornea
b. ciliary body
c. lens
d. iris

A

iris

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19
Q 
Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the adrenal gland?
A. cortisol 
B. epinephrine 
C. aldosterone 
D. adrenocorticotropic hormone
A

D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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20
Q 
Which of the following is NOT an action of cortisol?
A. Suppression of the immune system 
B. Increase protein breakdown 
C. Increase gluconeogenesis 
D. Diuretic
A

D. Diuretic

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21
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a hormone released from the anterior pituitary? 
A. growth hormone 
B. ADH 
C. ACTH 
D. Follicle stimulating hormone
A

B. ADH

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22
Q

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are antagonistic to each other.

True or false

A

true

23
Q 
What are hormones that regulate the release of other hormones?
A. stimulatory hormones 
B. primary hormones 
C. secondary hormones 
D. tropic hormones
A

D. Tropic hormones

24
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine have antagonistic effects

True or false

A

true

25
Q

The hormones insulin, and glucagon are produced by what mixed endocrine/exocrine gland

A. anterior pituitary
B. thyroid
C. pancreas
D. adrenal gland

A

C. Pancreas

26
Q

The difference between a graded potential and action potential is that

A

A graded can be varied in strength and effect whereas an action potential is all or nothing

27
Q

The Na/K pump helps restore cells to equilibrium after action potentials disrupt

A

ye

28
Q

A ____ potential is often able to push an action potential into firing

A

graded

29
Q

Na+ potential is __ so it contributes to making the cell more positive/negative

A

+60

postive

30
Q

Stimulus strength does/does not effect potential height, but does/does not effect frequency of the action potential

A

does not

does

31
Q

During the absolute refractory period, a cell can/cannot fire with a very strong stimulus

A

cannot

32
Q

During the relativerefractory period, a cell can/cannot fire with a very strong stimulus

A

can

33
Q

EPSP can/cannot aid action threshold being reached (threshold around -50)

A

can

34
Q

IPSP makes action potential more/less likely

A

less

35
Q

Ligand gated channels are triggered by a bonded ligand which brings cations/anions in and helps aid threshold

A

cations

36
Q

You can have inhibitory ligand gated channels too, often brings Cl- which is high outside the cell. Anion/cation

A

anion

37
Q

Nicotine can bond to what kind of receptors?

A

ACH

38
Q

AChE can turn off ACH

A

true

39
Q

Grey matter has ___ ____

A

cell bodies

40
Q

Whitematter has _____ ____

A

myelinated axons

41
Q

The pons relays signals from the _____ to the _____

A

forebrain

cerebellum

42
Q

The Medulla oblongata helps regulate

A

breathing, heart rate, digestion, blood vessel. A lot of basic life stuff

43
Q

Cerebrum white/grey is reverse to spinal, meaning the cerbrum has ___ outside and _____ inside while the spinal has ____ outside and _____ inside

A

grey
white
white
grey

44
Q

The ____ plays a role in sleep wake cycles, arousal of the cerebral cortex, and counciousness

A

Reticular formation

45
Q

Brocas control speec on a ____ level while wernickes are more about _______

A

motor

comprehension

46
Q

Wernickes area is located in the ____ hemisphere of the cerbrum

A

left

47
Q

The dorsal root ganglion contains ___ ___

A

celll body

48
Q

The Dorsal root contains _____ info

A

sensory

49
Q

Autonomic is voluntary/involuntary

A

involuntary

50
Q

Adrenergic/Muscerinic effects are produced by post ganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

Adrenergic

51
Q

Adrenergic/Muscerinic effects are post ganglionic parasympathetic axons

A

Muscerinic

52
Q

If you wanted to inhibit a parasympathetic response you could inhibit ______ receptors

A

muscarinic

53
Q

Sympathetic spine segments

A

T1-L2

2017 physiology (20 decks)

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