Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2017 physiology > Exam 4 Immune system > Flashcards

Exam 4 Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

_______: Study of the physiological defenses by which the body recognizes itself from nonself (foreign matter)

A

Immunology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The 3 immune functions include:

PID

A
  1. Protect against infection by microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites)
  2. Isolate/remove non-microbial foreign substances
  3. Destroy cancer cells that arise in the body (immune surveillance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____: non specific immune system

______: specific immune system

A

Innate

Adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
*cells of immune system
Includes: 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leukocytes are larger/smaller than Erythrocytes

A

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leukocytes originate from _____ which is a multi potent stem cell in the bone marrow

A

HSC (Hematopoietic Stem Cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ immunity:

  • Body surface defenses
  • Inflammation
  • complement system
  • Phagocytosis (Phagocytes)
  • Neutrophils
  • monocytes/Macrophages
  • organ specific phagoctes
  • liver
  • spleen
A

Innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does innate system distinguish between “self” and pathogens?

A

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

  • PRR
  • toll like receptors (TLR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inflammation is part of the _____ immune system

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ ____:provided by such mechanisms as phagocytosis, fever, and the release of interferones

A

nonspecific immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ _______:

involves the functions of lymphocytes; is directed at specific molecules or parts of molecules known as antigens

A

specific immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____:external; nonspecific; physical barrier to penetration by pathogens; secretions contain lysozyme (enzyme that destroys bacteria)

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lysozyme:

A

Secretion from skin that destroys bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

digestive tract immunity:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

external; nonspecific; high acidity of stomach’s protection by normal bacterial population of colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory Tract immunity:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

external; nonspecific; secretion of mucous; movement of cilia; alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

genitourinary tract Immunity:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

external; nonspecific; acidity of urine; vaginal lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phagocytic cells:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

internal; nonspecific; ingest and destroy bacteria; cellular debris, denatured proteins and toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

interferones:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

internal; nonspecific; inhibit replication of viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complement proteins:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

internal; nonspecific; promote destruction of bacteria; enhance inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endogenous pyrogen:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

internal; nonspecific; secreted by leukocytes and other cells; produce fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

natural killer cells:

Nonspecific/Specific
Internal/External

A

internal; nonspecific; destroy cells infected with viruses, tumor cells, and mismatched transplanted tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pathogen-associated molecular pattern is part of the ____ immune system

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pathogen recognition receptors:

A

recognize PAMPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____ ____:helps integrate innate and adaptive immune responses; consists of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that become activated when antibodies bond to antigens

A

Complement System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Complement System

A

_____ ____:helps integrate innate and adaptive immune responses; consists of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that become activated when antibodies bond to antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

extravasion

A

when new neutrophils and monocytes are able to squeeze through the tiny gaps between adjacent endothelial cells in the vessel and enter the connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

_____: when new neutrophils and monocytes are able to squeeze through the tiny gaps between adjacent endothelial cells in the vessel and enter the connective tissue

A

extravasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

antigens

A

molecules that stimulate the production of specific antibodies and combine specifically with the antibodies produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

_____: molecules that stimulate the production of specific antibodies and combine specifically with the antibodies produced

A

antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

antigenic determinant sites

A

also called epitopes; which are the areas of the molecule that stimulate production of and combine with different antibodies

31
Q

_____ ______ __:also called epitopes; which are the areas of the molecule that stimulate production of and combine with different antibodies

A

antigenic determinant sites

32
Q

both B and T lymphocytes function in what

A

specific immunity

33
Q

the innate immune system distinguishes between the bodies own tissue cells and invading pathogens by recognizing molecules termed what:

A

pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPS)

34
Q

____ _ ______:combat bacterial infections as well as some viral infections by secreting antibodies into the blood and lymph

A

type b lymphocytes

35
Q

______: a molecule that produces many of the many symptoms of allergies; binds to its H2 histamine receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchioles to stimulate bronchiolar constriction, but produces relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessles

A

histamine

36
Q

Histamines are related to:

A

allergies

37
Q

_______ _ ____: affect cell-mediated destruction of specific victim cells and helper and suppressor t cells play supporting roles

A

Killer T Cells

38
Q

_____: preferentially infects and destroy helper T cells, particularly those in the G.I. mucosa where up to 30% of helper T cells reside; the result is decreased immunological function and greater susceptibility to opportunistic infections and cancer

A

humane immunodeficiency virus

HIV

39
Q

secondary response

A

much more rapid than primary; max antibody concentrations in the blood are reached in less than 2 hours and are maintained for longer than primary

40
Q

refers to the immune protect that can be produced by the transfer of antibodies to a recipient from a human or animal donor

A

passive immunity

41
Q

immunological competence:

A

the ability to mount a specific immune response; does not develop until about a month after birth

42
Q

macrophages

A

innate, internal defenses; derived from monocytes

43
Q

innate, internal defenses; derived from monocytes

A

macrophages

44
Q

neutrophils

A

innate, internal defenses; ingest pathogens

45
Q

innate, internal defenses; ingest pathogens

A

neutrophils

46
Q

_____: innate, internal defenses; weakly phagocytic of pathogens; attack parasites

A

eosinohpils

47
Q

_____ ____:innate, internal defenses; phagocytic of various bacteria

A

mast cells

48
Q

_______: part of phagocytic mechanism; cells bind to invader, aided by opsonization

A

adherence

49
Q

_____: part of phagocytic mechanism; formation of phagolyosomes

A

ingestion

50
Q

_____ ____: merge phagosomes with lysosomes and flood phagolysosome with free radicals (macrophages)

A

Respiratory bursts

51
Q

defensins

A

proteins that crystallize out of solution and pierce pathogen membranes (neutrophils)

52
Q

phagocyte mobilization:

infiltration of damaged area by neutrophils and macrophages

A

ye

53
Q

_____ _____: infiltration of damaged area by neutrophils and macrophages

A

phagocyte mobilization

54
Q

_____: inducing factors released by injured cells promote rapid release of WBCs from marrow

A

leukocytosis

55
Q

______: increased vascular permeability causes decreased fluid in vessels; blood flow slows and neutrophils are able to move to vessel margins; here endothelial markers allow neutrophils to cling to vessel walls

A

margination

56
Q

______: neutrophils migrate through capillary walls

A

diapedesis

57
Q

______: inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to move up the chemical concentration gradient

A

chemotaxis

58
Q

_____ ________: viruses release nucleic acid into the cytoplasm; the information on the nucleic acid is incorporated into the cells’ DNA; normal cellular mechanisms then produce viral structural components; multiple new viral particles are produced and released from the cell

A

viral replication

59
Q

specificity in immunity:

A

directed at specific targets

60
Q

Systemic immunity refers to when:

A

not restricted to initial site of infection/invasion

61
Q

Memory immunity refers to

A

after initial exposure and activation, a more rapid and more vigorous response is made to subsequent exposures to pathogens

62
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

adaptive defense; lymphocytes directly attack specific invaders by lysis or indirect attack by initiating inflammation and/or activating other lymphocytes and macrophages

63
Q

_____ _____ ____: adaptive defense; lymphocytes directly attack specific invaders by lysis or indirect attack by initiating inflammation and/or activating other lymphocytes and macrophages

A

cell-mediated immunity

64
Q

_____: adaptive immune system; sorted in the thymus; attack host cells that have become infected with a virus or fungus, transplanted human cells, and cancer cells; do not produce antibodies; they must be in close proximity to the victim cell in order to destroy it, manage immune response

A

t cells

65
Q

____:
the most abundant circulating Ig; the dominant circulating Ig of the primary and secondary response; crosses the placenta

A

IgG

66
Q

____:

the Ig of secretions; helps prevent antigen penetration of membranes

A

IgA

67
Q

____: the Ig of B-cell activation; found on B-cell surface

A

IgD

68
Q

____: occurs on the B-cell surface; the Ig of early primary plasma cell response, circulating antibody; a potent agglutinatory

A

IgM

69
Q

____: the Ig associated with allergies; binds to mast cells and basophils; receptor binding results in histamine release and inflammation; found mostly in mucosa of respiratory and GI tract

A

IgE

70
Q

cytolysis of cells and bacteria

A

complement fixation

71
Q

cytolysis is

A

the lysis of antibody coated cells

72
Q

_______: blocks specific sites on virus or toxin and prohibit binding to tissues

A

neutralization

73
Q

______: crosslinks formed by immune complexes and clump together

A

agglutination

74
Q

_______: soluble molecules (such as toxins) are cross linked, become insoluble and precipitate out of the solution

A

Recipitation

2017 physiology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions