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2017 physiology > Exam 1 part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_
Diverse in structure and function
amino acids=building blocks
basic structure 
an amo group 
a carboxyl group
a functional side chain (specific for the particular amino acid)
A

Proteins

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2
Q

There are __ different amino acids

A

20

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3
Q

An amino acid is determined by its ________ _____

A

functional group

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4
Q

Amino acids are charged so they attract each other to form links and folds on the ____ to perform complex and specific funtions

A

proteins

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5
Q

Amino acids are the building blacks of ______

A

proteins

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6
Q

Proteins are made by

A

conecting amino acids through peptide bonds

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7
Q

Amino acids are connected between _______ and the _____ group of 2 amino acids and forms a polypeptide

A

carboxyl

amino

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8
Q

The primary structure of a protein is made up from

A

a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

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9
Q

The secondary structure of a protein is made up from

A

hydrogen bonds interacting and determining folds/shapes

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10
Q

Tertiary twisting and folding caused by ____groups

A

side

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11
Q

Quaternary structure is determined by interactions of separate ______ _____

A

polypeptide chains

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12
Q

Nucleotides are the building blocks of

A

DNA

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13
Q

Nucleotides are composed of

A

a five carboln sugar a nitrogenous base (pyramidine/Purine)

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14
Q

Pyramidines include

A

Thymine and cytosine

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15
Q

Purines include

A

Guanine and adenine

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16
Q

Uracil is a pyramidine/purine

A

pyramidine

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17
Q

In dna C binds to _ and A binds to _

A

G

T

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18
Q

In RNA u is paired with __

A

A

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19
Q

In translation T is replaced with __

A

U

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20
Q

The only difference between each Amino acid is in its _____

A

r-group

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21
Q

General parts of cell include _____ _____, _____, and _____

A

plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm

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22
Q

Cells both ____ amd ____ __ materials via ______ fluids

A

release
take in
interstitial

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23
Q

Fluid mosaic model refers to the model in which all the parts in the cell come together to make a whole.

A

yep

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24
Q

_________ membrane proteins are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated

A

Peripheral

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25
Q

An______ membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane

A

integral

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26
Q

Roles of proteins in membrane include these 4 things

A

Strucural support
transport into/out of cell
receptors
self markers

27
Q

Endocytosis

A

invagination of bringing things in

28
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of bacteria or other materials and amoeboid protozoans

29
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

endocytosis triggered by a specific trigger effector bonding to a receptor

30
Q

Phagocytosis translates to

A

cell eating

31
Q

Pinocytosis translates to

A

cell drinking

32
Q

If DNA is GGA then the mRNA is ____ and the TRNA would be ____

A

CCU

GGA

33
Q

A substrate is a

A

reactant

34
Q

Some enzymes use a switch mechanic through _______ and _____

A

phosphorylation

dephosphoryilation

35
Q

_____ takes off a phosphate while a _____ adds thus triggering the enzyme

A

phosphorylase

kinase

36
Q

Enzymes are proteins and get ______every so often

A

______

37
Q

coenzymes purpose are to aid _____ in doing there thing

A

enzymes

38
Q

coenzymes are derived from water solvable _____

A

vitamins

39
Q

coenzymes ____ hydrogen atoms and other small molecules

A

transport

40
Q

We get all energy from the ___

A

sun

41
Q

Sunlight to plants is about __ efficient

A

40%

42
Q

Energy lost as heat is used to control ____ ____

A

body temperature

43
Q

All energy falls into 2 categories ____ and ____

A

kinetic

potential

44
Q

Reduction is ____ an electron while oxidation is ______ electrons

A

gaining

losing

45
Q

Anabloic reactions are ______

A

endergonic

46
Q

Catabolic reactions are ______

A

exergonic

47
Q

Complete catabolism of glucose requires _____ as the final electron acceptor

A

oxygen

48
Q

aerobic means with/without _____ and anaerobic means with/without ______

A

oxygen

oxygen

49
Q

glycolosis occurs in the _____ and is an arobic/anarobic process

A

cytoplasm

anaerobic

50
Q

Glycolosis has a net ATP yield of

A

2

51
Q

NAD and FAD shuttle _____ around

A

enzymes

52
Q

The __ pyruvate from glycolosis is used in the ____ ___ if _____ is present

A

2
krebs cycles
oxygen

53
Q

If oxygen is not present the pyruvate will be used for _____

A

lactate

54
Q

The krebs cycle starts with ____ ____

A

acytl coenzyme

55
Q

The krebs cycle releases ____, and is an ____ process

A

CO2

aerobic

56
Q

The krebs cycle takes place in the ______ ___

A

mitochondrial matrix

57
Q

The krebs cycle produces __ NADH, _ FADH, and _ ATP

A

3
1
1

58
Q

The krebs cycle gets _ rotations per glucose molecule

A

2

59
Q

The electron transport chain takes place in the ____ _______ ____

A

inner mitochondrial matrix

60
Q

NADH delivers reagents to complex _ of the electron transport chain

A

1

61
Q

The hydrogen concentration gradient creates energy through ______ energy

A

potential

62
Q

ATP synthase triggers the concentration gradient to funnel and utilize energy

A

true

63
Q

For every NADH you get _ ATP

For every FADH you get _ ATP

A

3

2

2017 physiology (20 decks)

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