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2017 physiology > 13 and 14 cards > Flashcards

13 and 14 cards Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system consists of :

A

Blood, Heart, Blood vessels (containers)

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2
Q

Blood types: Eythrocytes

A

red blood cells: carry oxygen

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3
Q

Blood types: Leukocytes

A

White blood cells: immune function

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4
Q

Blood types: Platelets

A

Cell Fragments: for clotting

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5
Q

Blood types: Plasma

A

liquid portion of the blood

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6
Q

Blood percentage
Plasma:
Buffy coat
Red:

A

Plasma: 55%
Buffy coat: negligible
Red: 45%

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7
Q

Plasma is __% water

A

90%

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8
Q

Plasma is -% proteins

A

7-9%

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9
Q

The function of proteins in the blood is to maintain the _____ _____

A

osmotic pressure

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10
Q

RBC’s contain no/a nucleus

A

no

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11
Q

Why are RBC’s bi-concave?

A

provides larger surface area for diffusion of O2

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12
Q

Why are RBC’s flexable

A

so they can travel easily without rupturing things

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13
Q

In hemoglobin, the heme is found in the _____ and carries _____

A

center

iron

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14
Q

How many globulin chains are in each hemoglobin

A

4 (2 alpha 2 beta)

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15
Q

Hemoglobin’s primary role is to carry __

A

O2

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16
Q

Carbon monoxide is dangerous because

A

it can permanently bind to hemoglobin

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17
Q

RBC’s live for around ___ days

A

120

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18
Q

What organ removes old RBC’s

A

Spleen

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19
Q

Describe Eythropoiesis process that occurs in bone marrow

A

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity triggers kidney to release EPO which makes RBC is red bone marrow develop and release which aids RBC count

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20
Q

Eythropoeitin (EPO) is

A

a hormone made by the kidney that makes more RBC when RBC is low

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21
Q

Anemia refers to when

A

below normal O2 carrying capacity

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22
Q

The following are all causes of:

Dietary deficiencies
Blood loss
Bone marrow failure

A

Anemia

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23
Q

Thrombopoietin increase ______ production

A

platelet

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24
Q

Platelets heal wounds by shedding off pieces and covering a hole when exposed to collogen

A

ye

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25
Hemostasis is
how injuries are healed
26
3 steps of hemostasis
1. Vascular spasm: Reduces blood flow through a damaged vessel 2. Formation of a platelet plug 3. Blood coagulation: proteins stick and clot area.
27
Platelates are stimulated ny ______
collogan
28
Clotting factors are always present in blood, they just activate when exposed collogen is present
ye
29
Clot formation ends with
Fibrinogen
30
WBC/s are mobile units of the _____ ____
immune system
31
Defending against invading pathogens, identifying and destroying cancer cells that arise in the body, and functioning as a cleanup crew that removes worn-out cells and tissue debris are all functions of ____
WBC (White Blood Cells)
32
The pulmonary side of the heart is the ____ side while the Systemic is the ____ side
right | left
33
The pulmonary circuit moves:
Right side of heart | through lung capillaries and to the left side of the heart.
34
The pulmonary circuit releases ____ and picks up _____ in the lungs
CO2 | O2
35
The systemic circuit moves:
From heart left -> Tissues-> Heart
36
The Systemic circuit releases ___ and picks up ____
O2 | CO2
37
The heart has __ chambers, __ Atria and ___ Ventricles
4 2 2
38
The Atria of the heart:
receive blood from veins
39
The ventricles of the heart:
Pump blood into arteries
40
The Atrioventricular valves allow blood to flow from the ____ to _____ only
atrium to ventricle
41
Chordae tendinae are attached to ____ muscles and:
papillary | prevent valves from everting during ventricular contraction
42
Blood flow through the heart deoxygenated blood:
Right atrium -> right AV valve -> right ventricle -> Pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk and arteries -> lungs (pulmonary circuit)
43
Blood flow through the heart oxygenated blood:
Left atrium -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> tissues (systemic circuit)
44
Cardiac cycle consists of ____ and _____
Systole | Diastole
45
Autorhythmicity controls
the electrical activity of the heart
46
Autorhythmic cells do not contract but
initiate AP's and spread impulse throughout the heart
47
Contractile heart cells make up __% of cardiac muscle cells and do/do not initiate their own action potentials
99 | do not
48
SA node sets the ___ and has a set rate
pace
49
SA node->AV node
ye
50
SA node curve has fast/slow depolarization curve
slow
51
SA nodes rate is ___
100
52
Contractile tissue in the heart has a slow/fast depolerization
fast (vertical)
53
Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle works through
gap junctions
54
Where does the heart muscle get its oxygen
from blood delivered to it, not from the blood in it
55
Coronary vessels:
supply blood to the heart during diastole
56
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is
the leading cause of death in the united states
57
All of these are risk factors of ______: ``` Hypertension Obesity Age Smoking Inactivity ```
CAD
58
____ ____= Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle each minute
Cardiac output
59
Cardiac output formula
CO=BPM*Stroke volume
60
SV (stroke volume) is measured in
ml/beat
61
Frank-Starling law of the heart states
Stroke Volume is proportional to ventricular endodiastolic volume
62
After-load is essentially a
resistance to flow
63
Sympathetic activity determines
Contractility
64
Heart rate determined by:
Altering balance of parasympathetic and sympathetic influence on SA node
65
Parasympathetic lowers/heightens SA node
Lowers
66
Sympathetic Lowers/Heightens SA node
Heightens
67
Cardiac output % ejection fraction formula:
(SV/EDV)*100= Ejection Fraction
68
Blood Flow formula
F= (delta pressure)/R | where r= resistance
69
R roughly =
1/r^4
70
Mean arterial pressure is given up by
2/3(DBP)+1/3(SBP)
71
Vasoconstriction= more/less resistance
more resistance
72
Vasodilation= more/less resistance
less resistance
73
Arterioles determine
where blood goes in the body and when, except for the brain
74
Arterioles extrinsic control refers to
hormonal controls of arterioles
75
What does ADH and Amgiotensin 2 do
increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction
76
Capillaries have precapillary sphincters that
reduce or increase blood flow to an organ
77
Capillary movement glucose
Moves from capillary to tissue cell
78
Capillary movement Oxygen
Capillary to tissue cell
79
Capillary movement CO2
Tissue cell to capillary
80
Hydro-static pressure
Force exerted by blood
81
___ ____ moves things out of the capillaries while _____ _____ moves things in
Blood pressure | Osmotic pressure
82
Veins 2 functions
Store blood and returns blood to heart
83
Venous valves are located _____ muscles and work against _____
between | gravity

2017 physiology (20 decks)

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