Exam 1 Flashcards
What is homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
Lack of homeostasis causes _____ and ____
disease and death
Regulation pathways start with
sensors that detect deviations from a normal equilibrium
Sensors usually feedback into the ___/____ ___, which triggers a _____
brain
nervous system
response
The response releases some kind of _____ which make appropirate adjustmens to counter or aid the change
effector
Types of feedback loops:
Positive feed back is less common and amplifies a change
Negative feedback loops are a triggered response that inhibit a certain effect.
sweating in response to heat is a _____ feedback loop
negative
Antagonistic effects refer to ______ impacts/effectors
opposite
Shivering versus sweating is a/an_______ effect
antagonistic
______ regulation is when cells automatically respond to some environmental queue
Intrinsic
An example of _____ regulation, when oxygen levels decline in a tissue, The cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more
oxygen to the region.
intrinsic
______ regulation results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust the activities of many systems simultaneously.
Extrinsic
An example of _____ regulation, your nervous system issues commands that increase your heart rate so that blood will circulate faster. Your nervous systems also reduces blood flow to less-active organs, such as the digestive tract. The oxygen in circulating blood is thus saved for the active muscles.
extrinic
An example of _____ regulation : U eat a snickers and your blood glucose goes up so your body releases insulin from the pancreas (a hormone) that stimulates glucose receptors and glucose goes down. When glucose is low, insulin goes away.
extrinsic
_______ is an _____ change such as the increased size of the thoracic cavity in people living at high altitudes
adaptation
evolutionary
________ is a ________ change that results in improved functioning of an already existing system.
Acclimation
temporary
Acclimation is ______ whereas adaptation is not
reversable
Level of organization order
Cells
A ______ stem cell can become any type of cell
totipotent
A _______ stem cell can become anything but are embryonic, they cant create a new organism
Pluripotent
_______ stem cells can become limited things. adult stem cells are located in some organs and are ______
multipotent
Humans are 50-60% ____
water
Intracellular means ___ the cells
inside
Extracellular means _____ the cells
outside
