Exam 1

Question 1

What is homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

Question 2

Lack of homeostasis causes _____ and ____

Answer 2

disease and death

Question 3

Regulation pathways start with

Answer 3

sensors that detect deviations from a normal equilibrium

Question 4

Sensors usually feedback into the ___/____ ___, which triggers a _____

Answer 4

brain
nervous system
response

Question 5

The response releases some kind of _____ which make appropirate adjustmens to counter or aid the change

Answer 5

effector

Question 6

Types of feedback loops:

Answer 6

Positive feed back is less common and amplifies a change

Negative feedback loops are a triggered response that inhibit a certain effect.

Question 7

sweating in response to heat is a _____ feedback loop

Answer 7

negative

Question 8

Antagonistic effects refer to ______ impacts/effectors

Answer 8

opposite

Question 9

Shivering versus sweating is a/an_______ effect

Answer 9

antagonistic

Question 10

______ regulation is when cells automatically respond to some environmental queue

Answer 10

Intrinsic

Question 11

An example of _____ regulation, when oxygen levels decline in a tissue, The cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more
oxygen to the region.

Answer 11

intrinsic

Question 12

______ regulation results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust the activities of many systems simultaneously.

Answer 12

Extrinsic

Question 13

An example of _____ regulation, your nervous system issues commands that increase your heart rate so that blood will circulate faster. Your nervous systems also reduces blood flow to less-active organs, such as the digestive tract. The oxygen in circulating blood is thus saved for the active muscles.

Answer 13

extrinic

Question 14

An example of _____ regulation : U eat a snickers and your blood glucose goes up so your body releases insulin from the pancreas (a hormone) that stimulates glucose receptors and glucose goes down. When glucose is low, insulin goes away.

Answer 14

extrinsic

Question 15

_______ is an _____ change such as the increased size of the thoracic cavity in people living at high altitudes

Answer 15

adaptation

evolutionary

Question 16

________ is a ________ change that results in improved functioning of an already existing system.

Answer 16

Acclimation

temporary

Question 17

Acclimation is ______ whereas adaptation is not

Answer 17

reversable

Question 18

Level of organization order

Answer 18

Cells

Question 19

A ______ stem cell can become any type of cell

Answer 19

totipotent

Question 20

A _______ stem cell can become anything but are embryonic, they cant create a new organism

Answer 20

Pluripotent

Question 21

_______ stem cells can become limited things. adult stem cells are located in some organs and are ______

Answer 21

multipotent

Question 22

Humans are 50-60% ____

Answer 22

water

Question 23

Intracellular means ___ the cells

Answer 23

inside

Question 24

Extracellular means _____ the cells

Answer 24

outside

Question 25

Fluids are separated by ______ and can exchange fluids

Answer 25

membranes

Question 26

Exocrine glands are derived from from ______ tissue

Answer 26

epithelial

Question 27

Blood is a _____ tissue

Answer 27

connective

Question 28

Most of our water is located inside our cells. ICF>Interstitial> extra cellular

Answer 28

absorb

Question 29

Negative feedback is the most/least common form of regulation

Answer 29

most

Question 30

Atoms are made up of _____,______, and _____

Answer 30

protons
electrons
neutrons

Question 31

Valence electrons are generally the electrons that react

Answer 31

ye

Question 32

Nonpolar covalent atoms share electrons ______

Answer 32

equally

Question 33

____ ____ refers to the ability of some liquids to flow through small areas without assistance or even against gravity

Answer 33

capillary action

Question 34

PH formula

Answer 34

PH=log(1/H+M)

Question 35

Sugars formula

Answer 35

C1H2O1

Question 36

Polysacharrides =

Answer 36

starch

Question 37

Glycogen is

Answer 37

a condensed (storage) form of glucose stored in the liver and muscular skeletal area.

Question 38

The liver can/cant break down glycogen when blood glucose is low while the muscular skeleton glycogen can/cant

Answer 38

can

can’t

Question 39

all lipids are hydrophobic/hydrophillic

Answer 39

hydrophobic

Question 40

Steroids include ______

Answer 40

triglycerides

Question 41

Triglycerides are made up of _ fatty acids and a _____ backone

Answer 41

3

glycerol

Question 42

Saturated fatty acids refer to _____ fat chains while unsaturated refers to fat chains with _____ chains

Answer 42

straight (single bond)

bent (double bonded causes bending)

Question 43

Phospholipids have a hydrophillic (polar) head and hydrophobic tail, but only hydropobic (nonpolar) things readily get through

Answer 43

absorb

Question 44

Cholesterol is a _____

Answer 44

steroid

Question 45

Phospholipids are/are not amipathic

Answer 45

are

Question 46

_____:a precursor for other steroids, hormones, regulation of cell membrane fluidity

Answer 46

cholesterol

Question 47

Prostoglandins are

Answer 47

type of lipid that comes from phospholipids. serves as communication molecules between cells in the same organ. (hormones)