exam 4: endocrine system

Question 1

function of endocrine glands

Answer 1

secrete hormones into bloodstream

Question 2

define hormone

Answer 2

chemical message that regulates activity of other blood cells

• requires blood supply
• slow messenger

Question 3

function of feedback loop

Answer 3

constantly adjusts hormone levels

Question 4

define negative feedback loop

Answer 4

stimulus causes an endocrine organ to release hormones to return body to homeostasis

Question 5

what is the endocrine system

Answer 5

all the endocrine glands in the body

Question 6

what oversees the endocrine system

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

pros the endocrine system

Answer 7

can reach multiple cells and has a longer signal

Question 8

which 3 ways does the hypothalamus oversee

Answer 8

1) produces “releasing” hormones that regulate anterior pituitary
2) produces hormones that are stored in posterior pituitary
3) oversees autonomic nervous system

Question 9

anatomical purpose of infundibulum

Answer 9

connects pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Question 10

what are the 2 posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 10

oxytocin

anti-diuretic

Question 11

target and function of oxytocin

Answer 11

target: reproductive organs
function: stimulate smooth muscle contraction in reproduction. stimulates breastmilk release

Question 12

target and function of anti-diuretic

Answer 12

target: kidneys
function: inhibits urine formation/ production

Question 13

target and function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 13

target: thyroid gland
function: stimulate thyroid to produce/release its own hormones

Question 14

target and function of prolactin

Answer 14

target: mammary glands
function: stimulates brestmilk production

Question 15

target and function of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 15

target: adrenal cortex
function: stimulates adrenal cortex to release its hormones

Question 16

target and function of growth hormone

Answer 16

target: most body cells, especially bone and skeletal muscle
function: stimulates growth

Question 17

target of follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and 
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 17

ovaries/ testes

Question 18

location of thyroid gland

Answer 18

anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx

Question 19

target and function of thyroid hormone

Answer 19

target: virtually ALL cells in the body
function: increase metabolism

Question 20

the thyroid gland hormone is produced by what structures?

Answer 20

follicle cells

Question 21

target and function of calcitonin

Answer 21

target: bone (blood deposition of calcium from blood into tissue
function: lowers blood calcium levels

Question 22

calcitonin is stimulated by what?

Answer 22

high calcium levels in the blood

Question 23

calcitonin is produced by?

Answer 23

parafollicular cells

Question 24

what are the parathyroid glands

Answer 24

4 tiny oval masses on posterior thyroid

Question 25

target and function of parathyroid hormones (PTH)

Answer 25

target: bone–encourages uptake of calcium into bloodstream from bone
function: raises blood calcium levels (creating osteoclasts)

Question 26

parathyroid hormone is stimulated by

Answer 26

low levels of calcium in blood

Question 27

location of the adrenal glands

Answer 27

on top of kidneys

Question 28

function of adreanal cortex

Answer 28

release corticosteriods in response to ACTH

Question 29

list the 3 groups of steroids from the adrenal gland

Answer 29

1) mineralcorticoids
controls balance of sodium and potassium ions in body fluids
2) glucocorticoids
stimulates metabolism of glucose
3) sex hormones
secretes small amounts of androgens (male) some converted into estrogen (female)

Question 30

adrenal medulla is stimulated by

Answer 30

sympathetic nervous system

Question 31

adrenal medulla secretes?

Answer 31

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 32

pancreatic islets

Answer 32

produce hormones– insulin and glucagon

Question 33

functions of insulin

Answer 33

• lowers blood sugar (glucose) levels
• enhances cells to pick up glucose
• helps convert glucose into glycogen

Question 34

what happens when glucose levels are LOW

Answer 34

glucagon is secreted in the pancreas and glucose levels are increased

Question 35

function of glucagon

Answer 35

raises blood sugar levels by breaking glycogen down into glucose

Question 36

the ovaries produce what hormones

Answer 36

estrogen and progesterone

Question 37

the testes produce what hormones

Answer 37

androgens and testosterone