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anatomy > exam 2 nervous system > Flashcards

exam 2 nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

“control center”

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglion

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3
Q

define ganglion

A

group of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS

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4
Q

sensory division

A
  • receives info from body and transmits it to the CNS for processing
  • has both CNS and PNS
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5
Q

somatic sensory component:

A

receives sensory info from skin, joints, muscle, special senses

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6
Q

visceral sensory component:

A

receives sensory info from blood vessels and viscera (organs)

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7
Q

motor division

A

transmits info from the CNS to muscles and glands

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8
Q

somatic motor component:

A

innervates skeletal muscle involuntary

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9
Q

nervous tissue cells are composed of

A

neurons and glial cells

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10
Q

neurons

A

respond to stimuli and conduct nerve impulses–primarily amitotic

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11
Q

glial cells function

A
  • support and protect neurons

- many more glial cells than neurons, they divide by mitosis

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12
Q

cell body

A

neuron’s control center or “head”

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13
Q

chromatophilic substances

A

rough ER

  • function: protein synthesis
  • look like darkened “clumps’ within cytoplasm
  • not found in axon hillock
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14
Q

dendrites

A

short nerve cell processes

  • receive input and send nerve impulses to cell body.
  • neuron can have 1 or man dendrites
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15
Q

axon

A

long nerve cell process

-send output

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16
Q

axon hillock

A

cone-shaped portion of cell body from where axon originates

17
Q

what are the glial cells found in the PNS

A

satellite cells

neurolemmocytes

18
Q

what are the glial cells found in the CNS

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

19
Q

Satellite cells

A

surround neuron cells in spinal ganglia

-protect cell bodies and regulate nutrient exchange and waste removal

20
Q

neurolemmocyte

A
  • myelinated axons on PNS

- can help regenerate damaged PNS axons

21
Q

What is mylin

A
  • protective covering around axon
  • it insulated axon and helps produce faster nerve impulses
  • not all axons are myelinated
22
Q

astrocytes

A
  • regulates transfer of materials from blood to the brain (blood brain barrier)
  • helps name blood vessels less leaky
23
Q

multipolar neuron

A

one axon and many dendrites

  • most common
  • EX: Motor neurons, interneurons
24
Q

bipolar neuron

A

2 processes– 1 axon and 1 dendrite, limited in location

EX: retina of eye, olfactory neurons in nose

25
Q

unipolar neuron

A

single process comes off of the cell body and divides into 2 branches

  • common
  • EXs: most sensory neurons
26
Q

sensory neuron

A

brings info to the CNS

-they are either unipolar or bipolar neurons

27
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

takes info from CNS to other parts of the body

-all are multipolar

28
Q

interneuron

A

helps coordinate and integrates info between sensory and motor neurons

  • located solely in CNS
  • “translator”
  • multipolar
29
Q

in the CNS, myelin sheath is formed by:

A

oligodendrocytes

30
Q

in the PNS, myelin sheath is formed by:

A

neurolemmocytes

31
Q

myelination procedure in PNS

A

1) Neurolemmocytes wrap around a 1mm portion of an axon successfully
2) Cytoplasm and nucleus of neurolemmocyte gets “squeezed” to the outside
3) inner successive layers of the cell membrane make up the myelin sheath

32
Q

neurofibril nodes

A
  • “gaps” between 2 adjacent neurolemmocytes
  • axon unmyelinated
  • its at nodes that a nerve impulse is generated
33
Q

myelinated procedure in CNS

A

similar to process in PNS, but

  • oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS axons
  • one oligodendrrocytes myelinated 1mm portions of many axons
34
Q

how does an impulse travel on an unmyelinated axon

A

spread along entire length

35
Q

how does an impulse travel on a myelinated axon

A

nerve impulse jumps from node to node

anatomy (15 decks)

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