exam 2 spinal cord

Question 1

where does the spinal cord lay? and what vertebrae does it run from?

Answer 1

within the vertebral canal

runs from foramen magnum to L1

Question 2

cervical enlargement

Answer 2

contains neurons that innervate upper limb

Question 3

lumbar enlargement

Answer 3

contains neurons that innervate lower limb

Question 4

conus medullaris

Answer 4

pointed end of spinal cord

Question 5

cauda equina

Answer 5

collection of nerve roots comin off of conus medullaris

Question 6

filum terminale

Answer 6

thin strand of pia mater that anchors conus medullaris to coccyx

Question 7

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 7

31 pairs

1 on left and 1 on right

Question 8

how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves?

Answer 8

8 (C1-C8)

Question 9

how many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves?

Answer 9

12 (T1-T12)

Question 10

how many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves?

Answer 10

5 (L1-L5)

Question 11

how many pairs of sacral spinal nerves?

Answer 11

5 (S1-S5)

Question 12

how many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves?

Answer 12

1 (Col)

Question 13

What exactly is a nerve?

Answer 13

formed from MANY axons bundled together in C wrappings

Question 14

what is the order of meninges of spinal cord from superficial to deep

Answer 14

epidural space
    dura mater
    arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
    pia mater

Question 15

what is the epidural space

Answer 15

found between dura mater and vertebra

-filled with fat and blood vessels

Question 16

dura mater is composed of

Answer 16

dense CT

Question 17

describe the arachnoid mater

Answer 17

thin spider-web like membrane

Question 18

what is the subarachniod space

Answer 18

space between arachnoid and pia mater

Question 19

describe the composition of pia mater

Answer 19

• thin layer of CT

- adheres to spinal cord

Question 20

central canal

Answer 20

• space within gray matter of spinal cord
• lined with ependymal cells
• contains CSF

Question 21

gray matter

Answer 21

contains nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, glial cells and interneurons

• anterior horns
• lateral horns
• posterior horns
• gray commissure

Question 22

what are anterior horns

Answer 22

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

-innervate skeletal muscle

Question 23

what are lateral horns

Answer 23

cell bodies of automatic motor neurons

• only in T1-L2 of spinal cord
• innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

Question 24

what are posterior horns

Answer 24

contain interneurons and axons of sensory neurons

Question 25

what is gray commissure

Answer 25

unmyelinated axons traveling crossing one side to another | -contains central canal

Question 26

white matter

Answer 26

``` contains both ascending and descending spinal cord tract myelinated axons: -anterior funiculi -lateral funiculi -posterior funiculi ```

Question 27

spinal cord tracts

Answer 27

bundles of axons that run in the white matter of spinal cord

Question 28

ascending tracts

Answer 28

containing sensory axons | -travels from body to brain

Question 29

descending tracts

Answer 29

contains motor axons | -travels from the brain to the body

Question 30

the anterior root is composed of what type of axons

Answer 30

motor axons

Question 31

the posterior root is composed of what type of axons

Answer 31

sensory axons

Question 32

the posterior root ganglion is composed of what type of axons

Answer 32

contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 33

what occurs when anterior and posterior roots unite?

Answer 33

they form a spinal cord which contains both motor and sensory axons