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anatomy > exam 3 eye > Flashcards

exam 3 eye Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the process and function of the lacrimal apparatus

A

Function: produces/collects tears (lacrimal fluid)

1) lacrimal gland produces tears
2) fluid is swept across eye
3) lacrimal canaliculi: From lacrimal puncti to nasalacrimal duct
4) nasolacrimal duct: drains tears into nasal cavity, eventually swallowed

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2
Q

what happens when someone cries

A
  • tears overwhelm system
  • too many tears to collect-overflow the eyelids
  • nasolacrimal duct pours lots of tears into nasal cavity-runny nose
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3
Q

Function of medial rectus

A

moves eye medially (adducts)

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4
Q

Function of lateral rectus

A

moves eye laterally (abducts)

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5
Q

Function of Superior rectus

A

elevates eye and moves it medially

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6
Q

Function of Inferior rectus

A

depresses eye and moves eye medially

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7
Q

Function of superior oblique

A

depresses eye and moves eye laterally

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8
Q

Function of Inferior oblique

A

elevates eye and moves eye laterally

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9
Q

What is the lens and its function

A

biconvex, transparent structure inside eyeball
Function: Changes shape to focus light
Rounded= up close focusing
Flattened= further away focusing

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10
Q

What structures make up the fibrous tunic

A

sclera

Cornea

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11
Q

What structures make up vascular tunic

A

choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

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12
Q

What structures are neural?

A

fovea centralis
Neural layer of retina
Pigmented layer of retina

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13
Q

What is the sclera and its function

A

“whites” of the eye
Posterior 5/6
Function: Provide shape to the eyeball and protect the inner parts

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14
Q

What is the cornea and its function

A

curved, transparent structure
Anterior to iris and pupil
Anterior 1\6 of eye
Function: Admits and refracts light

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15
Q

What is the choroid and its function

A

dark brown membrane

Function: Contains many tiny blood vessels that help nourish the retina

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16
Q

What is the ciliary body and its function?

A

ring of smooth muscle tissue that surrounds the lens
Function: Produces aqueous humor.
When smooth muscles contract, suspensory ligaments relax to make lens more round

17
Q

What is the iris and its function?

A

pigmented, colored part of eye (pupil in center)
Function: Regulates the amount of light entering the eye
Bright light= pupillary constriction
Low light= pupillary dilation

18
Q

What 2 structures does the suspensory ligaments attach to

A

Lens and ciliary body

19
Q

What is the retina

A

posterior 3/4 of eye

20
Q

What is the pigmented layer and its function

A

outer layer adjacent to choroid. Single layer of cells. Function: Absorbs excess light to prevent reflection and glare. Also provides vitamin A

21
Q

What is neural layer

A

inner layer

Function: Its photoreceptors receive light info and converts it into nerve impulses that are sent, via CN II to brain

22
Q

Describe the 2 types of photoreceptors

A

rods- low lights, black and white vision

Cones- require more light. See in color

23
Q

What is the optic disk/blind spot

A
  • area where the optic nerve exits the eye
  • area opening that allows axons to take info back to the brain
  • contains no photoreceptors
24
Q

Macula lutea

A

lateral to the optic disc, contains fovea centralis

25
Q

fovea centralis

A

sharpest vision (only cones) where we want to focus our light, can see clearest

26
Q

Describe the difference between normal vision, nearsightedness, and farsightedness?

A

normal- light is focused directly on the retina
Nearsightedness- visual image is focused in front of the retina
Farsightedness- visual image is focused behind retina

27
Q

Describe clinical view: Detached retina

A

fluid collects between pigmented

28
Q

What separates anterior and posterior chambers

A

Iris

29
Q

What is aqueous humor

A
  • Anterior cavity
  • between cornea and lens
  • removes waste
  • supplies nutrients bc avascular
  • continuously produced and replaced by ciliary body
30
Q

what is vitreous humor

A
  • posterior cavity
  • helps maintain shape of eye
  • not continuously produced
31
Q

Describe the steps of visual info being processed

A

1) light rays enter eye through the cornea and are refracted
2) light rays are further refracted by the lens
3) light rays focus on retina
4) light ray info is converted to nerve impulses by photoreceptors
5) nerve impulses transmitted to the brain via CN II (optic nerve)

anatomy (15 decks)

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