Exam 4 Chapter 17 Flashcards
innate defenses
generalized mechanisms that are effective against a broad range of pathogens
first line of defense
skin and mucous membranes
second line of defense
several nonspecific defence mechanisms (WBCs)
leukocytes/macrophages/antimicrobialproteins/nkcells/inflammation/fever
adaptive defenses (specific immunity)
mechanisms that target specific pathogens
third line of defense
immune system
Nonspecific defenses (6)
antimicrobial proteins
external barriers
fever
inflammation
leukocytes
species resistance
species resistance
pathogens are species specific, certain conditions must exist to survive
external barriers (3)
skin
fluids
mucous membranes
why is skin = growth resistant?
toughness of keratin
too dry and nutrient-poor for microbrial growth
acid mantle def.
thin film of lactic and fatty acids from sweat and sebum that inhibits bacterial growth
dermicidin, defensins, and cathelicdins purpose
peptides in the skin that kill microbes
fluids sources
sweat
tears
saliva
urine
stomach/vagina low pH
mucous membranes functions
trap potential pathogens
sweep trapped pathogens
lyses by tears,saliva,nasal secretions,sweat
phagocytes def
cells that engulf foreign matter
neutrophil location
connective tissue/bonemarrow
neutrophil func.
phagocytosis and digestion
can also produce a cloud of bactericial chemicals
eosinophils location
mucous membranes
eosinophils functions (4)
-guard against parasites,allergens
-promotes basophils and mast cells
-phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
-limit histamine