Exam 2 - Chapter 9

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells can divide by

Answer 1

Binary fission

Question 2

Growth Curve def.

Answer 2

Predictable population growth of cells in a laboratory condition

Question 3

Lag Phase

Answer 3

Cells do not increase; preparing for growth

Question 4

Exponential/Log Phase

Answer 4

Doubling of population each generation and produce primary metabolites required for growth

Question 5

Late Log Phase

Answer 5

Synthesis of secondary metabolites to enhance survival, antibiotics

Question 6

Stationary Phase

Answer 6

Stable population, growth rate = death rate

Question 7

Death Phase

Answer 7

Viable cells decreases at a constant rate, slower than growth

Question 8

Prolonged Decline Phase

Answer 8

Occurs @ 99% death, may last months to years, most fit cells survive, each generation more fit

Question 9

Chemostat func.

Answer 9

A continuous culture able to be maintained and observered

Question 10

Biofilm def.

Answer 10

polysaccharide encased communities of multiple cells and species

Question 11

What (4) major conditions influence cell growth

Answer 11

Temperature
Oxygen
pH
Water availability

Question 12

Psychophile living temps.

Answer 12

-5C to 15C

Question 13

Psychotroph living temps

Answer 13

20C to 30C - Food spoilage

Question 14

Mesophile living temps.

Answer 14

25C to 45C

Question 15

Thermophile living temps.

Answer 15

45C to 70C

Question 16

Hyperthermophiles

Answer 16

70C to 110C

Question 17

Obligate aerobes

Answer 17

Absolute/obligatory oxygen requirement

Question 18

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 18

No growth in presence of oxygen

Question 19

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 19

Grow better with oxygen/Uses fermentation

Question 20

Microaerophiles

Answer 20

Require Oxygen in lower concentrations

Question 21

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 21

Indifferent to oxygen

Question 22

Neutrophiles pH

Answer 22

5 to 8

Question 23

Acidophiles pH

Answer 23

below 5.5

Question 24

Alkalophiles pH

Answer 24

above 8.5

Question 25

All microorganisms require what for growth?

Answer 25

Water

Question 26

Halophiles thrive in high ____ content

Answer 26

salt

Question 27

Main factors for prokaryotic growth:

Answer 27

Elements Growth factors Energy sources Nutritional diversity

Question 28

Major elements; essential components for macromolecules

Answer 28

Carbon/Oxygen/Hydrogen/Nitrogen/Sulfur/Phosphorus/Potassium/Magnesium/Calcium/Iron

Question 29

Heterotrophs

Answer 29

Use organic carbon as nutrient source

Question 30

Autotrophs

Answer 30

Use inorganic carbon as carbon source

Question 31

Fastidious

Answer 31

require many factors for growth

Question 32

Phototrophs energy source

Answer 32

Derive energy from sunlight

Question 33

Chemotrophs energy source

Answer 33

Derive energy from chemical compounds

Question 34

Photoautotrophs

Answer 34

Use sunlight and atmospheric carbon (CO2) as carbon source; plants(primary producers)

Question 35

Chemolithoautotrophs

Answer 35

Use inorganic compounds for energy and use CO2 as carbon source

Question 36

Photoheterotrophs

Answer 36

Energy from sunlight, carbon from organic compounds

Question 37

Chemoorganoheterotrophs

Answer 37

Use organic compounds for energy and carbon source

Question 38

Complex media

Answer 38

Variety of ingredients/no exact formula

Question 39

Chemically defined media

Answer 39

Precise amounts of pure chemicals/not practical for routine lab use cases

Question 40

Selective media

Answer 40

Inhibit growth of unwanted organisms, grow only specified organism

Question 41

Differential media

Answer 41

Used to observe bacterial changes, allows differentiation between bacterial groups

Question 42

Aerobic bacteria atmospheric conditions

Answer 42

Requires shaking to keep aeration

Question 43

Capnophile atmospheric conditions

Answer 43

High CO2, 15% O2/Grown in candle jars

Question 44

Microaerophile atmospheric conditions

Answer 44

Gastight container w/ chemical packet reactant to oxygen

Question 45

Anaerobe atmospheric conditions

Answer 45

media that contains oxygen reducing chemicals, some more strict require oxygen free