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Microbiology > Exam 2 - Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryotic cells can divide by

A

Binary fission

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2
Q

Growth Curve def.

A

Predictable population growth of cells in a laboratory condition

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3
Q

Lag Phase

A

Cells do not increase; preparing for growth

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4
Q

Exponential/Log Phase

A

Doubling of population each generation and produce primary metabolites required for growth

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5
Q

Late Log Phase

A

Synthesis of secondary metabolites to enhance survival, antibiotics

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6
Q

Stationary Phase

A

Stable population, growth rate = death rate

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7
Q

Death Phase

A

Viable cells decreases at a constant rate, slower than growth

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8
Q

Prolonged Decline Phase

A

Occurs @ 99% death, may last months to years, most fit cells survive, each generation more fit

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9
Q

Chemostat func.

A

A continuous culture able to be maintained and observered

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10
Q

Biofilm def.

A

polysaccharide encased communities of multiple cells and species

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11
Q

What (4) major conditions influence cell growth

A

Temperature
Oxygen
pH
Water availability

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12
Q

Psychophile living temps.

A

-5C to 15C

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13
Q

Psychotroph living temps

A

20C to 30C - Food spoilage

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14
Q

Mesophile living temps.

A

25C to 45C

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15
Q

Thermophile living temps.

A

45C to 70C

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16
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

70C to 110C

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17
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Absolute/obligatory oxygen requirement

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18
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

No growth in presence of oxygen

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19
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Grow better with oxygen/Uses fermentation

20
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Require Oxygen in lower concentrations

21
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Indifferent to oxygen

22
Q

Neutrophiles pH

A

5 to 8

23
Q

Acidophiles pH

A

below 5.5

24
Q

Alkalophiles pH

A

above 8.5

25
Q

All microorganisms require what for growth?

A

Water

26
Q

Halophiles thrive in high ____ content

A

salt

27
Q

Main factors for prokaryotic growth:

A

Elements
Growth factors
Energy sources
Nutritional diversity

28
Q

Major elements; essential components for macromolecules

A

Carbon/Oxygen/Hydrogen/Nitrogen/Sulfur/Phosphorus/Potassium/Magnesium/Calcium/Iron

29
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Use organic carbon as nutrient source

30
Q

Autotrophs

A

Use inorganic carbon as carbon source

31
Q

Fastidious

A

require many factors for growth

32
Q

Phototrophs energy source

A

Derive energy from sunlight

33
Q

Chemotrophs energy source

A

Derive energy from chemical compounds

34
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Use sunlight and atmospheric carbon (CO2) as carbon source; plants(primary producers)

35
Q

Chemolithoautotrophs

A

Use inorganic compounds for energy and use CO2 as carbon source

36
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

Energy from sunlight, carbon from organic compounds

37
Q

Chemoorganoheterotrophs

A

Use organic compounds for energy and carbon source

38
Q

Complex media

A

Variety of ingredients/no exact formula

39
Q

Chemically defined media

A

Precise amounts of pure chemicals/not practical for routine lab use cases

40
Q

Selective media

A

Inhibit growth of unwanted organisms, grow only specified organism

41
Q

Differential media

A

Used to observe bacterial changes, allows differentiation between bacterial groups

42
Q

Aerobic bacteria atmospheric conditions

A

Requires shaking to keep aeration

43
Q

Capnophile atmospheric conditions

A

High CO2, 15% O2/Grown in candle jars

44
Q

Microaerophile atmospheric conditions

A

Gastight container w/ chemical packet reactant to oxygen

45
Q

Anaerobe atmospheric conditions

A

media that contains oxygen reducing chemicals, some more strict require oxygen free

Microbiology (15 decks)

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