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Microbiology > Exam 4 Chapter 14 MULT CHOICE > Flashcards

Exam 4 Chapter 14 MULT CHOICE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1.

A scientist discovers that a soil bacterium he has been studying produces an antimicrobial that kills gram-negative bacteria. She isolates and purifies the antimicrobial compound, then chemically converts a chemical side chain to a hydroxyl group. When she tests the antimicrobial properties of this new version, she finds that this antimicrobial drug can now also kill gram-positive bacteria. The new antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum activity is considered to be which of the following?

resistant
semisynthetic
synthetic
natural
A

semisynthetic

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2
Q

Which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic?

sulfanilamide
penicillin
actinomycin
neomycin
A

sulfanilamide

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3
Q

Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection?

long-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials
long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials
short-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials
short-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials
A

long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials

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4
Q

.

Which of the following routes of administration would be appropriate and convenient for home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection?

oral
intravenous
topical
parenteral
A

oral

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5
Q

Which clinical situation would be appropriate for treatment with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?

treatment of a polymicrobic mixed infection in the intestine
prophylaxis against infection after a surgical procedure
treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes
empiric therapy of pneumonia while waiting for culture results
A

treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host?

mode of action
therapeutic level
spectrum of activity
selective toxicity
A

selective toxicity

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial?

penicillins
glycopeptides
cephalosporins
monobactams
A

glycopeptides

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8
Q

Which of the following does not bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit?

tetracyclines
lincosamides
macrolides
chloramphenicol
A

tetracyclines

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9
Q

Which of the following antimicrobials inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase?

polymyxin B
clindamycin
nalidixic acid
rifampin
A

nalidixic acid

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10
Q

Which of the following is not an appropriate target for antifungal drugs?

ergosterol
chitin
cholesterol
β(1→3) glucan
A

cholesterol

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11
Q

Which of the following drug classes specifically inhibits neuronal transmission in helminths?

quinolines
avermectins
amantadines
imidazoles
A

avermectins

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12
Q

Which of the following is a nucleoside analog commonly used as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor in the treatment of HIV?

acyclovir
ribavirin
adenine-arabinoside
azidothymidine
A

azidothymidine

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13
Q

Which of the following is an antimalarial drug that is thought to increase ROS levels in target cells?

artemisinin
amphotericin b
praziquantel
pleconaril
A

artemisinin

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14
Q

Which of the following resistance mechanisms describes the function of β-lactamase?

efflux pump
target mimicry
drug inactivation
target overproduction
A

drug inactivation
target

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15
Q

Which of the following resistance mechanisms is commonly effective against a wide range of antimicrobials in multiple classes?

efflux pump
target mimicry
target modification
target overproduction
A

efflux pump

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16
Q

Which of the following resistance mechanisms is the most nonspecific to a particular class of antimicrobials?

drug modification
target mimicry
target modification
efflux pump
A

efflux pump

17
Q

Which of the following types of drug-resistant bacteria do not typically persist in individuals as a member of their intestinal microbiota?

MRSA
VRE
CRE
ESBL-producing bacteria
A

MRSA

18
Q

In the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, the _______ of the zone of inhibition is measured and used for interpretation.

diameter
microbial population
circumference
depth
A

diameter

19
Q

Which of the following techniques cannot be used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial drug against a particular microbe?

Etest
microbroth dilution test
Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test
macrobroth dilution test
A

Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test

20
Q

The utility of an antibiogram is that it shows antimicrobial susceptibility trends

over a large geographic area.
for an individual patient.
in research laboratory strains.
in a localized population.
A

in a localized population.

21
Q

Which of the following has yielded compounds with the most antimicrobial activity?

water
air
volcanoes
soil
A

soil

22
Q

T/F

Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials are commonly used for prophylaxis following surgery.

A

F

23
Q

T/F

β-lactamases can degrade vancomycin.

A

F

24
Q

T/F

Echinocandins, known as “penicillin for fungi,” target β(1→3) glucan in fungal cell walls.

A

T

25
Q

T/F
If drug A produces a larger zone of inhibition than drug B on the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, drug A should always be prescribed.

A

F

26
Q

T/F

The rate of discovery of antimicrobial drugs has decreased significantly in recent decades.

A

T

27
Q

The group of soil bacteria known for their ability to produce a wide variety of antimicrobials is called the ________.

A

actinomycetes

28
Q

The bacterium known for causing pseudomembranous colitis, a potentially deadly superinfection, is ________.

A

Clostridium difficile

29
Q

Selective toxicity antimicrobials are easier to develop against bacteria because they are ________ cells, whereas human cells are eukaryotic.

A

prokaryotic

30
Q

Antiviral drugs, like Tamiflu and Relenza, that are effective against the influenza virus by preventing viral escape from host cells are called ________.

A

neuraminidase inhibitors

31
Q

Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA strains, may commonly be carried as a normal member of the ________ microbiota in some people.

A

nasal

32
Q

The method that can determine the MICs of multiple antimicrobial drugs against a microbial strain using a single agar plate is called the ________.

A

Etest

Microbiology (15 decks)

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