Exam 4 Chapter 14 MULT CHOICE Flashcards
1.
A scientist discovers that a soil bacterium he has been studying produces an antimicrobial that kills gram-negative bacteria. She isolates and purifies the antimicrobial compound, then chemically converts a chemical side chain to a hydroxyl group. When she tests the antimicrobial properties of this new version, she finds that this antimicrobial drug can now also kill gram-positive bacteria. The new antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum activity is considered to be which of the following?
resistant semisynthetic synthetic natural
semisynthetic
Which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic?
sulfanilamide penicillin actinomycin neomycin
sulfanilamide
Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection?
long-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials short-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials short-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials
long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials
.
Which of the following routes of administration would be appropriate and convenient for home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection?
oral intravenous topical parenteral
oral
Which clinical situation would be appropriate for treatment with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?
treatment of a polymicrobic mixed infection in the intestine prophylaxis against infection after a surgical procedure treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes empiric therapy of pneumonia while waiting for culture results
treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes
Which of the following terms refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host?
mode of action therapeutic level spectrum of activity selective toxicity
selective toxicity
Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial?
penicillins glycopeptides cephalosporins monobactams
glycopeptides
Which of the following does not bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit?
tetracyclines lincosamides macrolides chloramphenicol
tetracyclines
Which of the following antimicrobials inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase?
polymyxin B clindamycin nalidixic acid rifampin
nalidixic acid
Which of the following is not an appropriate target for antifungal drugs?
ergosterol chitin cholesterol β(1→3) glucan
cholesterol
Which of the following drug classes specifically inhibits neuronal transmission in helminths?
quinolines avermectins amantadines imidazoles
avermectins
Which of the following is a nucleoside analog commonly used as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor in the treatment of HIV?
acyclovir ribavirin adenine-arabinoside azidothymidine
azidothymidine
Which of the following is an antimalarial drug that is thought to increase ROS levels in target cells?
artemisinin amphotericin b praziquantel pleconaril
artemisinin
Which of the following resistance mechanisms describes the function of β-lactamase?
efflux pump target mimicry drug inactivation target overproduction
drug inactivation
target
Which of the following resistance mechanisms is commonly effective against a wide range of antimicrobials in multiple classes?
efflux pump target mimicry target modification target overproduction
efflux pump
Which of the following resistance mechanisms is the most nonspecific to a particular class of antimicrobials?
drug modification target mimicry target modification efflux pump
efflux pump
Which of the following types of drug-resistant bacteria do not typically persist in individuals as a member of their intestinal microbiota?
MRSA VRE CRE ESBL-producing bacteria
MRSA
In the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, the _______ of the zone of inhibition is measured and used for interpretation.
diameter microbial population circumference depth
diameter
Which of the following techniques cannot be used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial drug against a particular microbe?
Etest microbroth dilution test Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test macrobroth dilution test
Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test
The utility of an antibiogram is that it shows antimicrobial susceptibility trends
over a large geographic area. for an individual patient. in research laboratory strains. in a localized population.
in a localized population.
Which of the following has yielded compounds with the most antimicrobial activity?
water air volcanoes soil
soil
T/F
Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials are commonly used for prophylaxis following surgery.
F
T/F
β-lactamases can degrade vancomycin.
F
T/F
Echinocandins, known as “penicillin for fungi,” target β(1→3) glucan in fungal cell walls.
T
