Exam 2 - Chapter 8 Book+HW/Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is an organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source?
chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
photoheterotroph
photoautotroph

Answer 1

chemoautotroph

Question 2

Which of the following molecules is reduced?
NAD+
FAD
O2
NADPH

Answer 2

NADPH

Question 3

Enzymes work by which of the following?
increasing the activation energy
reducing the activation energy
making exergonic reactions endergonic
making endergonic reactions exergonic

Answer 3

reducing the activation energy

Question 4

To which of the following does a competitive inhibitor most structurally resemble?
the active site
the allosteric site
the substrate
a coenzyme

Answer 4

the substrate

Question 5

Which of the following are organic molecules that help enzymes work correctly?
cofactors
coenzymes
holoenzymes
apoenzymes

Answer 5

coenzymes

Question 6

During which of the following is ATP not made by substrate-level phosphorylation?
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
Transition reaction
Krebs cycle
Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Answer 6

Transition reaction

Question 7

Which of the following products is made during Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis?
NAD+
pyruvate
CO2
two-carbon acetyl

Answer 7

pyruvate

Question 8

During the catabolism of glucose, which of the following is produced only in the Krebs cycle?
ATP
NADH
NADPH
FADH2

Answer 8

FADH2

Question 9

Which of the following is not a name for the cycle resulting in the conversion of a two-carbon acetyl to one ATP, two CO2, one FADH2, and three NADH molecules?
Krebs cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle
Calvin cycle
citric acid cycle

Answer 9

Calvin cycle

Question 10

Which is the location of electron transports systems in prokaryotes?
the outer mitochondrial membrane
the cytoplasm
the inner mitochondrial membrane
the cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 10

the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 11

Which is the source of the energy used to make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?
oxygen
high-energy phosphate bonds
the proton motive force
Pi

Answer 11

the proton motive force

Question 12

A cell might perform anaerobic respiration for which of the following reasons?
It lacks glucose for degradation.
It lacks the transition reaction to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
It lacks Krebs cycle enzymes for processing acetyl-CoA to CO2.
It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing electrons to oxygen.

Answer 12

It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing electrons to oxygen.

Question 13

In prokaryotes, which of the following is true?
As electrons are transferred through an ETS, H+ is pumped out of the cell.
As electrons are transferred through an ETS, H+ is pumped into the cell.
As protons are transferred through an ETS, electrons are pumped out of the cell.
As protons are transferred through an ETS, electrons are pumped into the cell.

Answer 13

As electrons are transferred through an ETS, H+ is pumped out of the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an electron carrier within an electron transport system?
flavoprotein
ATP synthase
ubiquinone
cytochrome oxidase

Answer 14

ATP synthase

Question 15

Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation?
to make ATP
to make carbon molecule intermediates for anabolism
to make NADH
to make NAD+

Answer 15

to make NAD+

Question 16

Which molecule typically serves as the final electron acceptor during fermentation?
oxygen
NAD+
pyruvate
CO2

Answer 16

pyruvate

Question 17

Which fermentation product is important for making bread rise?
ethanol
CO2
lactic acid
hydrogen gas

Answer 17

CO2

Question 18

Which of the following is not a commercially important fermentation product?
ethanol
pyruvate
butanol
penicillin

Answer 18

pyruvate

Question 19

Caseinase is which type of enzyme?
phospholipase
lipase
extracellular protease
intracellular protease

Answer 19

extracellular protease

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is not produced during the breakdown of phospholipids?
glucose
glycerol
acetyl groups
fatty acids

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

Which of the following is the first step in triglyceride degradation?
removal of fatty acids
β-oxidation
breakage of fused rings
formation of smaller peptides

Answer 21

removal of fatty acids

Question 22

During the light-dependent reactions, which molecule loses an electron?
a light-harvesting pigment molecule
a reaction center pigment molecule
NADPH
3-phosphoglycerate

Answer 22

a reaction center pigment molecule

Question 23

In prokaryotes, in which direction are hydrogen ions pumped by the electron transport system of photosynthetic membranes?
to the outside of the plasma membrane
to the inside (cytoplasm) of the cell
to the stroma
to the intermembrane space of the chloroplast

Answer 23

to the outside of the plasma membrane

Question 24

Which of the following does not occur during cyclic photophosphorylation in cyanobacteria?
electron transport through an ETS
photosystem I use
ATP synthesis
NADPH formation

Answer 24

NADPH formation

Question 25

Which of the following are two products of the light-dependent reactions? glucose and NADPH NADPH and ATP glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and CO2 glucose and oxygen

Answer 25

NADPH and ATP

Question 26

Which of the following is the group of archaea that can use CO2 as their final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration, producing CH4? methylotrophs methanotrophs methanogens anoxygenic photosynthesizers

Answer 26

methanogens

Question 27

Which of the following processes is not involved in the conversion of organic nitrogen to nitrogen gas? nitrogen fixation ammonification nitrification denitrification

Answer 27

nitrogen fixation

Question 28

Which of the following processes produces hydrogen sulfide? anoxygenic photosynthesis oxygenic photosynthesis anaerobic respiration chemoautrophy

Answer 28

anaerobic respiration

Question 29

The biogeochemical cycle of which of the following elements is based on changes in solubility rather than redox chemistry? carbon sulfur nitrogen phosphorus

Answer 29

phosphorus

Question 30

Competitive inhibitors bind to allosteric sites.

Answer 30

F

Question 31

31. Glycolysis requires oxygen or another inorganic final electron acceptor to proceed.

Answer 31

F

Question 32

32. All organisms that use aerobic cellular respiration have cytochrome oxidase.

Answer 32

T

Question 33

33. Photosynthesis always results in the formation of oxygen.

Answer 33

F

Question 34

34. There are many naturally occurring microbes that have the ability to degrade several of the compounds found in oil.

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Which molecule is often called the cell’s energy currency? adenosine triphosphate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide flavin adenine dinucleotide

Answer 35

adenosine triphosphate

Question 36

During the Krebs cycle, FAD is reduced to which of the following? FADH NADH NADH2 FADH2

Answer 36

FADH2

Question 37

The reaction that breaks down ATP to form ADP and inorganic phosphate is classified as which of the following? endergonic reduction exergonic nonspontaneous

Answer 37

exergonic

Question 38

Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction? is coupled with another reaction is involved in biosynthesis absorbs energy from the environment releases energy into the environment

Answer 38

absorbs energy from the environment

Question 39

Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation? to produce large quantities of additional energy to regenerate oxygen to produce carbon dioxide to regenerate NAD+

Answer 39

to regenerate NAD+

Question 40

Which of the following describes a molecule that had an electron removed? electronated oxidized anabolized reduced

Answer 40

oxidized

Question 41

Each pyruvate molecule contains how many carbon atoms? 6 3 4 2

Answer 41

3

Question 42

Which site on an enzyme is where substrates bind? the active site the lock and key site the catalyst site the activation site

Answer 42

the active site

Question 43

Which of the following are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes? holoenzymes coenzymes apoenzymes cofactors

Answer 43

cofactors

Question 44

Which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme? a noncompetitive inhibitor an allosteric inhibitor an uncompetitive inhibitor a competitive inhibitor

Answer 44

a competitive inhibitor

Question 45

In prokaryotes (except cyanobacteria), in which direction are hydrogen ions pumped by the electron transport system of photosynthetic membranes? to the stroma to the inside (cytoplasm) of the cell to the outside of the plasma membrane to the intermembrane space of the chloroplast

Answer 45

to the outside of the plasma membrane

Question 46

Which of the following are two products of the light-dependent reactions? glucose and NADPH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and CO2 NADPH and ATP glucose and oxygen

Answer 46

NADPH and ATP

Question 47

Which of the following processes is not involved in the conversion of organic nitrogen to nitrogen gas? ammonification nitrogen fixation nitrification denitrification

Answer 47

nitrogen fixation

Question 48

Which of the following processes produces hydrogen sulfide? chemoautrophy anaerobic respiration anoxygenic photosynthesis oxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 48

anaerobic respiration

Question 49

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces only ATP, but noncyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP and NADH. True False

Answer 49

True

Question 50

During anaerobic decomposition of organic matter with carbon dioxide as the terminal electron acceptor, the primary gas(es) produced is/are methane. hydrogen sulfide. hydrogen. oxygen.

Answer 50

methane.

Question 51

The light reactions of photosynthesis include an electron transport chain. True False

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Fatty acids are synthesized 3 carbons at a time. True False

Answer 52

False

Question 53

Which of the following is the step in which CO2 enters the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)? regeneration transition reduction fixation

Answer 53

Fixation

Question 54

The primary pigment found in plants and algae is bacteriochlorophyll chlorophyll phycobilin carotenoid

Answer 54

chlorophyll

Question 55

In amino acid synthesis, carbon skeletons are derived from intermediate products of glycolysis Kreb’s cycle both glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain

Answer 55

both glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle

Question 56

The role that an organism plays in its environment is called its ecosystem. niche. position. role.

Answer 56

niche.

Question 57

In oxygenic photosynthesis, oxygen is released because ________is split to provide an electron to replace one that absorbs a photon of light. H2O H2 H2S pyruvate

Answer 57

H2O

Question 58

The organisms that convert carbon dioxide into organic matter are the secondary consumers. producers primary consumers. decomposers.

Answer 58

primary consumers.

Question 59

How much ATP is produced in Substrate Phosphorylation?

Answer 59

4 ATP

Question 60

How much ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation? (Eukaryotes AND Prokaryotes)

Answer 60

Eukaryotic = 30 ATP Prokaryotic = 24 ATP

Question 61

Which is the location of electron transports systems in eukaryotes? the outer mitochondrial membrane the cytoplasm the inner mitochondrial membrane the cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 61

the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 62

Coenzyme Q is in the ETC for eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 62

Eukaryotes

Question 63

Ubiquinone is in the ETC for eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 63

Prokaryotes

Question 64

Glycolysis(EMP) max yield of ATP: 6 2 4 8

Answer 64

8

Question 65

Max yield of ATP from transition reaction: 2 10 4 6

Answer 65

6

Question 66

Max yield of ATP from the Krebs cycle: 20 22 16 24

Answer 66

24

Question 67

Total yield of ATP from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule: 4 2 34 38

Answer 67

38