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Microbiology > Exam 2 - Chapter 8 Book+HW/Quizzes > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 8 Book+HW/Quizzes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following is an organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source?
chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
photoheterotroph
photoautotroph

A

chemoautotroph

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2
Q

Which of the following molecules is reduced?
NAD+
FAD
O2
NADPH

A

NADPH

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3
Q

Enzymes work by which of the following?
increasing the activation energy
reducing the activation energy
making exergonic reactions endergonic
making endergonic reactions exergonic

A

reducing the activation energy

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4
Q

To which of the following does a competitive inhibitor most structurally resemble?
the active site
the allosteric site
the substrate
a coenzyme

A

the substrate

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5
Q

Which of the following are organic molecules that help enzymes work correctly?
cofactors
coenzymes
holoenzymes
apoenzymes

A

coenzymes

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6
Q

During which of the following is ATP not made by substrate-level phosphorylation?
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
Transition reaction
Krebs cycle
Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A

Transition reaction

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7
Q

Which of the following products is made during Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis?
NAD+
pyruvate
CO2
two-carbon acetyl

A

pyruvate

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8
Q

During the catabolism of glucose, which of the following is produced only in the Krebs cycle?
ATP
NADH
NADPH
FADH2

A

FADH2

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a name for the cycle resulting in the conversion of a two-carbon acetyl to one ATP, two CO2, one FADH2, and three NADH molecules?
Krebs cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle
Calvin cycle
citric acid cycle

A

Calvin cycle

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10
Q

Which is the location of electron transports systems in prokaryotes?
the outer mitochondrial membrane
the cytoplasm
the inner mitochondrial membrane
the cytoplasmic membrane

A

the cytoplasmic membrane

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11
Q

Which is the source of the energy used to make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?
oxygen
high-energy phosphate bonds
the proton motive force
Pi

A

the proton motive force

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12
Q

A cell might perform anaerobic respiration for which of the following reasons?
It lacks glucose for degradation.
It lacks the transition reaction to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
It lacks Krebs cycle enzymes for processing acetyl-CoA to CO2.
It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing electrons to oxygen.

A

It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing electrons to oxygen.

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13
Q

In prokaryotes, which of the following is true?
As electrons are transferred through an ETS, H+ is pumped out of the cell.
As electrons are transferred through an ETS, H+ is pumped into the cell.
As protons are transferred through an ETS, electrons are pumped out of the cell.
As protons are transferred through an ETS, electrons are pumped into the cell.

A

As electrons are transferred through an ETS, H+ is pumped out of the cell.

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14
Q

Which of the following is not an electron carrier within an electron transport system?
flavoprotein
ATP synthase
ubiquinone
cytochrome oxidase

A

ATP synthase

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15
Q

Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation?
to make ATP
to make carbon molecule intermediates for anabolism
to make NADH
to make NAD+

A

to make NAD+

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16
Q

Which molecule typically serves as the final electron acceptor during fermentation?
oxygen
NAD+
pyruvate
CO2

A

pyruvate

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17
Q

Which fermentation product is important for making bread rise?
ethanol
CO2
lactic acid
hydrogen gas

A

CO2

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a commercially important fermentation product?
ethanol
pyruvate
butanol
penicillin

A

pyruvate

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19
Q

Caseinase is which type of enzyme?
phospholipase
lipase
extracellular protease
intracellular protease

A

extracellular protease

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20
Q

Which of the following molecules is not produced during the breakdown of phospholipids?
glucose
glycerol
acetyl groups
fatty acids

A

glucose

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21
Q

Which of the following is the first step in triglyceride degradation?
removal of fatty acids
β-oxidation
breakage of fused rings
formation of smaller peptides

A

removal of fatty acids

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22
Q

During the light-dependent reactions, which molecule loses an electron?
a light-harvesting pigment molecule
a reaction center pigment molecule
NADPH
3-phosphoglycerate

A

a reaction center pigment molecule

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23
Q

In prokaryotes, in which direction are hydrogen ions pumped by the electron transport system of photosynthetic membranes?
to the outside of the plasma membrane
to the inside (cytoplasm) of the cell
to the stroma
to the intermembrane space of the chloroplast

A

to the outside of the plasma membrane

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24
Q

Which of the following does not occur during cyclic photophosphorylation in cyanobacteria?
electron transport through an ETS
photosystem I use
ATP synthesis
NADPH formation

A

NADPH formation

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25
Q

Which of the following are two products of the light-dependent reactions?
glucose and NADPH
NADPH and ATP
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and CO2
glucose and oxygen

A

NADPH and ATP

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26
Q

Which of the following is the group of archaea that can use CO2 as their final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration, producing CH4?
methylotrophs
methanotrophs
methanogens
anoxygenic photosynthesizers

A

methanogens

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27
Q

Which of the following processes is not involved in the conversion of organic nitrogen to nitrogen gas?
nitrogen fixation
ammonification
nitrification
denitrification

A

nitrogen fixation

28
Q

Which of the following processes produces hydrogen sulfide?
anoxygenic photosynthesis
oxygenic photosynthesis
anaerobic respiration
chemoautrophy

A

anaerobic respiration

29
Q

The biogeochemical cycle of which of the following elements is based on changes in solubility rather than redox chemistry?
carbon
sulfur
nitrogen
phosphorus

A

phosphorus

30
Q

Competitive inhibitors bind to allosteric sites.

A

F

31
Q
  1. Glycolysis requires oxygen or another inorganic final electron acceptor to proceed.
A

F

32
Q
  1. All organisms that use aerobic cellular respiration have cytochrome oxidase.
A

T

33
Q
  1. Photosynthesis always results in the formation of oxygen.
A

F

34
Q
  1. There are many naturally occurring microbes that have the ability to degrade several of the compounds found in oil.
A

T

35
Q

Which molecule is often called the cell’s energy currency?
adenosine triphosphate
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
flavin adenine dinucleotide

A

adenosine triphosphate

36
Q

During the Krebs cycle, FAD is reduced to which of the following?
FADH
NADH
NADH2
FADH2

A

FADH2

37
Q

The reaction that breaks down ATP to form ADP and inorganic phosphate is classified as which of the following?

endergonic
reduction
exergonic
nonspontaneous

A

exergonic

38
Q

Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction?

is coupled with another reaction
is involved in biosynthesis
absorbs energy from the environment
releases energy into the environment

A

absorbs energy from the environment

39
Q

Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation?
to produce large quantities of additional energy
to regenerate oxygen
to produce carbon dioxide
to regenerate NAD+

A

to regenerate NAD+

40
Q

Which of the following describes a molecule that had an electron removed?

electronated
oxidized
anabolized
reduced

A

oxidized

41
Q

Each pyruvate molecule contains how many carbon atoms?
6
3
4
2

A

3

42
Q

Which site on an enzyme is where substrates bind?

the active site
the lock and key site
the catalyst site
the activation site

A

the active site

43
Q

Which of the following are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes?

holoenzymes
coenzymes
apoenzymes
cofactors

A

cofactors

44
Q

Which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme?

a noncompetitive inhibitor
an allosteric inhibitor
an uncompetitive inhibitor
a competitive inhibitor

A

a competitive inhibitor

45
Q

In prokaryotes (except cyanobacteria), in which direction are hydrogen ions pumped by the electron transport system of photosynthetic membranes?

to the stroma
to the inside (cytoplasm) of the cell
to the outside of the plasma membrane
to the intermembrane space of the chloroplast

A

to the outside of the plasma membrane

46
Q

Which of the following are two products of the light-dependent reactions?

glucose and NADPH
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and CO2
NADPH and ATP
glucose and oxygen

A

NADPH and ATP

47
Q

Which of the following processes is not involved in the conversion of organic nitrogen to nitrogen gas?

ammonification
nitrogen fixation
nitrification
denitrification

A

nitrogen fixation

48
Q

Which of the following processes produces hydrogen sulfide?

chemoautrophy
anaerobic respiration
anoxygenic photosynthesis
oxygenic photosynthesis

A

anaerobic respiration

49
Q

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces only ATP, but noncyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP and NADH.

True
False

A

True

50
Q

During anaerobic decomposition of organic matter with carbon dioxide as the terminal electron acceptor, the primary gas(es) produced is/are

methane.
hydrogen sulfide.
hydrogen.
oxygen.

A

methane.

51
Q

The light reactions of photosynthesis include an electron transport chain.
True
False

A

True

52
Q

Fatty acids are synthesized 3 carbons at a time.
True
False

A

False

53
Q

Which of the following is the step in which CO2 enters the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?

regeneration
transition
reduction
fixation

A

Fixation

54
Q

The primary pigment found in plants and algae is

bacteriochlorophyll
chlorophyll
phycobilin
carotenoid

A

chlorophyll

55
Q

In amino acid synthesis, carbon skeletons are derived from intermediate products of

glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
both glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle
electron transport chain

A

both glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle

56
Q

The role that an organism plays in its environment is called its

ecosystem.
niche.
position.
role.

A

niche.

57
Q

In oxygenic photosynthesis, oxygen is released because ________is split to provide an electron to replace one that absorbs a photon of light.

H2O
H2
H2S
pyruvate

A

H2O

58
Q

The organisms that convert carbon dioxide into organic matter are the

secondary consumers.
producers
primary consumers.
decomposers.

A

primary consumers.

59
Q

How much ATP is produced in Substrate Phosphorylation?

A

4 ATP

60
Q

How much ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation? (Eukaryotes AND Prokaryotes)

A

Eukaryotic = 30 ATP
Prokaryotic = 24 ATP

61
Q

Which is the location of electron transports systems in eukaryotes?
the outer mitochondrial membrane
the cytoplasm
the inner mitochondrial membrane
the cytoplasmic membrane

A

the inner mitochondrial membrane

62
Q

Coenzyme Q is in the ETC for eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

63
Q

Ubiquinone is in the ETC for eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

64
Q

Glycolysis(EMP) max yield of ATP:
6
2
4
8

A

8

65
Q

Max yield of ATP from transition reaction:
2
10
4
6

A

6

66
Q

Max yield of ATP from the Krebs cycle:
20
22
16
24

A

24

67
Q

Total yield of ATP from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule:
4
2
34
38

A

38

Microbiology (15 decks)

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