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Microbiology > BIOL224 Exam 3 MultChoices > Flashcards

BIOL224 Exam 3 MultChoices Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication is unique to eukaryotes?

helicase
ligase
telomerase
DNA polymerase

A

telomerase

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2
Q

Which of the following statements about base pairing in DNA is incorrect?

Purines always base pairs with pyrimidines.
Base pairing occurs at the interior of the double helix.
Adenine binds to guanine.
Base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

A

Adenine binds to guanine.

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3
Q

Which of the following is not found within DNA?

thymine
phosphodiester bonds
amino acids
complementary base pairing

A

amino acids

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4
Q

Which of the following types of RNA codes for a protein?

tRNA
dsRNA
rRNA
mRNA

A

mRNA

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5
Q

During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?

E site
P site
A site
B site

A

A site

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6
Q

According to the central dogma, which of the following represents the flow of genetic information in cells?

DNA to protein to RNA
RNA to DNA to protein
protein to DNA to RNA
DNA to RNA to protein

A

DNA to RNA to protein

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7
Q

When the ribosome reaches a nonsense codon, which of the following occurs?

a methionine is incorporated
the A site binds to a charged tRNA
a peptide bond forms
the polypeptide is released

A

the polypeptide is released

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8
Q

Which of the following is the name of the three-base sequence in the mRNA that binds to a tRNA molecule?

codon
anticodon
P site
CCA binding site

A

anticodon

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9
Q

The noncoding, repetitive sequences at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes are called which of the following?

forks
lagging strands
bubbles
telomeres

A

telomeres

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10
Q

During bacterial DNA replication, which of the following holds open the replication bubble?

single-strand binding proteins
helicases
primers
DNA polymerases

A

single-strand binding proteins

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11
Q

One strand of DNA runs from 5′ to 3′ and the opposing strand runs 3′ to 5′, meaning that the strands are oriented in which way?

conservative
antiparallel
helical
semiconservative

A

antiparallel

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12
Q

Which of the following correctly explains why DNA replication is described as semiconservative?

Each daughter strand contains one old strand and one new strand.
The nucleotides used in replication contain old and new components.
The nucleotides used in replication are recycled multiple times.
Each daughter strand contains two new strands.

A

Each daughter strand contains one old strand and one new strand.

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13
Q

A DNA nucleotide contains which of the following?

a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base
a ribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base

A

a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

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14
Q

Which of the following is a name for nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure?

nucleotides
purines
pyrimidines
nucleosides

A

purines

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15
Q

Telomeres found in which of the following?

animal cells only, not in unicellular organisms
fungal, protist, plant, and animal chromosomes
microbes only, including all domains
all microbes

A

fungal, protist, plant, and animal chromosomes

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16
Q

Which of the following best describes the direction in which lagging strands are added?

in the 3′ to 5′ or 5′ to 3′ direction
as 5′ to 3′ Okazaki fragments in an overall 5′ to 3′ direction only
in variable directions depending on the species
as 5′ to 3′ Okazaki fragments in an overall 3′ to 5′ direction only

A

as 5′ to 3′ Okazaki fragments in an overall 3′ to 5′ direction only

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17
Q

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is formed from which of the following?

helicases
single strand binding proteins
leading strands
Okazaki fragments

A

Okazaki fragments

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18
Q

DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides in which of the following direction(s)?

in the 3′ to 5′ direction and in 5′ to 3′ direction
in the 3′ to 5′ direction only
in the 5′ to 3′ direction on one strand and in the 3′ to 5′ direction on the complementary strand
in the 5′ to 3′ direction only

A

in the 5′ to 3′ direction only

19
Q

Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the lac operon?

lactose absent, glucose absent
lactose present, glucose present
lactose absent, glucose present
lactose present, glucose absent

A

lactose present, glucose absent

20
Q

Which process produces an RNA copy of a DNA molecule?

transcription
replication
transformation
translation

A

transcription

21
Q

Which of the following correctly describes events that occur during transcription?

RNA polymerase binds to the core enzyme.
RNA polymerase binds to the operator.
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
DNA polymerase binds to the site of initiation.

A

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter

22
Q

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA is usually double stranded and RNA is usually single stranded.
DNA is used for shorter-term functions than RNA
RNA is usually less stable than DNA.
RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine.

A

DNA is used for shorter-term functions than RNA

23
Q

Ribosomes are composed mostly of RNA.

True
False

A

True

24
Q

Which of the following correctly describes uracil and where is it found?

It is a nitrogenous base found in DNA only.
It is a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA.
It is a nitrogenous base found in RNA only.
It is a nitrogenous base found only in nucleotides of molecules other than RNA and DNA.

A

It is a nitrogenous base found in RNA only.

25
Q

Which of the following is the amino acid that appears at the N-terminus of all newly translated prokaryotic and eukaryotic polypeptides?

methionine
glycine
tryptophan
selenocysteine

A

methionine

26
Q

Which sequences of eukaryotic genes code for proteins?

invariant
introns
the spliceosome
exons

A

exons

27
Q

Stop codons are also known as which of the following?

nonsense codons
sense codons
antisense codons
missense codons

A

nonsense codons

28
Q

A nucleic acid is purified from a mixture. The molecules are relatively small, contain uracil, and most are covalently bound to an amino acid. Which of the following was purified?

DNA
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA

A

tRNA

29
Q

Which is the mechanism by which improper excision of a prophage from a bacterial chromosome results in packaging of bacterial genes near the integration site into a phage head?

conjugation
specialized transduction
generalized transduction
transformation

A

specialized transduction

30
Q

Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation?

silent mutation
a deletion of a codon
missense mutation
deletion of one nucleotide

A

deletion of one nucleotide

31
Q

The F plasmid is involved in which of the following processes?

transposition
conjugation
transformation
transduction

A

conjugation

32
Q

Which of the following is a change in the sequence that leads to formation of a stop codon?

nonsense mutation
silent mutation
missense mutation
deletion mutation

A

nonsense mutation

33
Q

The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from which of the following?

spontaneous errors by DNA polymerase
exposure to ultraviolet radiation
exposure to intercalating agents
exposure to gamma radiation

A

exposure to ultraviolet radiation

34
Q

A base substitution that does not cause a change in the resulting polypeptide is called ______.

missense
silent
frameshift
nonsense

A

silent

35
Q

What type of radiation frequently causes thymine dimers?

microwave
gamma
X-ray
ultraviolet

A

ultraviolet

36
Q

A chemical mutagen that is structurally similar to a nucleotide but has different base-pairing rules is called a ________.

transposon
base analog
alkylating agent
intercalating agent

A

base analog

37
Q

The phenotype of an organism that is most commonly observed in nature is called the ________.

wild type
conserved phenotype
normal one
mutant

A

wild type

38
Q

A small DNA molecule that has the ability to independently excise from one location in a larger DNA molecule and integrate into the DNA elsewhere is called a ________.

base analog
transposon
F plasmid
intercalating agent

A

transposon

39
Q

DNA is picked up from the environment during _______.

transduction
conjugation
transposition
transformation

A

transformation

40
Q

The enzyme used in light repair to split thymine dimers is called ________.

ligase
photolyase
exonuclease
helicase

A

photolyase

41
Q

Which of the following refers to the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer naturally responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes within a bacterial population?

specialized transduction
transformation
generalized transduction
conjugation

A

conjugation

42
Q

Conservative transposition occurs when the transposon is ________ and inserted elsewhere in the genome.

cloned
copied
inverted
completely removed

A

completely removed

43
Q

Which mutagen would cause an AT pair in DNA to be converted to a GC pair?

nitrous oxide
2-aminopurine
X-rays
ethidium bromide

A

2-aminopurine

Microbiology (15 decks)

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