Exam 4 - Chapter 13

Question 1

Consistency

Answer 1

The pressure we feel to behave in ways that align with our attitudes/beliefs, or to behave in ways we know others expect us to behave

Question 2

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 2

Tension or discomfort that occurs when an individual’s attitudes and beliefs are not aligned

Question 3

Self-perception theory

Answer 3

Inferring our attitudes or values based on what behavior we choose to perform

Question 4

Foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 4

Obtaining a small commitment in order to achieve a larger request later

Question 5

Door-in-the-face technique

Answer 5

Making a large, often irrational, request in order to make the smaller request that follows seem more reasonable

Question 6

Conformity

Question 7

Authority

Question 8

Stanley Milgram’s “obedience to shock” study

Question 9

Philip Zimbardo’s “Stanford prison study”

Question 10

Psychological reactance

Answer 10

A tendency to fight outside influences we believe are attempting to undermine the authority we have over our own thoughts and behaviors

Question 11

Scarcity

Answer 11

An attempt to influence people by conveying the notion that something is rare, valuable, or will not always be available

Question 12

Group behavior

Question 13

Social facilitation

Answer 13

A performance boost as the result of the presence of other people

Question 14

Social inhibition

Answer 14

A decrease in performance as a result of the presence of others

Question 15

Social loafing

Question 16

Information processing

Question 17

Groupthink

Question 18

Polarization

Question 19

Deindividuation

Question 20

Aggression

Question 21

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Question 22

Bystander effect

Question 23

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 24

List the five-person states.

Answer 24

1. Self-efficacy
2. Personal control
3. Self-esteem
4. Belongingness
5. Optimism

Question 25

We act ourselves into…

Answer 25

Consistent thinking

Question 26

We think ourselves into…

Answer 26

Consistent acting

Question 27

Cognitive dissonance occurs when…

Answer 27

Perceiving an inconsistency between behavior and an attitude, belief, or cognition

Question 28

The reciprocity principle inspires…

Answer 28

Pay-it-forward behavior

Question 29

We conform…

Answer 29

More often than we’d like to admit

Question 30

Descriptive norms reflect ____, but…

Answer 30

Conformity; are not necessarily injunctive

Question 31

We often follow authority….

Answer 31

Blindly and mindlessly

Question 32

Complaince with authority is…

Answer 32

Not always undesirable behavior

Question 33

Top-down authority can influence…

Answer 33

Countercontrol or psychological reactance

Question 34

A perception of scarcity ____ perceived value.

Answer 34

Increases

Question 35

The presence of others can…

Answer 35

Facilitate or impair performance

Question 36

Social loafing and diffusion of responsibility occur when…

Answer 36

The behavior of individuals cannot be tracked

Question 37

Groupthink reflects…

Answer 37

Conformity

Question 38

Groupthink indicates…

Answer 38

A lack of psychological safety

Question 39

Polarization increases when…

Answer 39

A viewpoint is challenged by another individual or group

Question 40

Deindividuation occurs when…

Answer 40

One’s loyalty to a group stifles an individual’s identity and personal values

Question 41

An emotional state of frustration can incite…

Answer 41

Aggressive behavior

Question 42

The bystander effect is fueled by…

Answer 42

Deindividuation and diffusion of responsibility

Question 43

The larger the group, the ____ likely that any one person will actively care.

Answer 43

Less