Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO-161-B > Exam 4: Ch. 24 Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Exam 4: Ch. 24 Pt. 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Digestive tract is aka

A
  1. Alimentary tract

2. GI Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List accessory organs (4)

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Pancreas
  4. Glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mouth is aka

A

Oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Accessory organs of small intestines (3)

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List general parts of large intestine (4)

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum
  4. Anal canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

7 regions of digestive tract

A
  1. Mouth/oral cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
  7. Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

8 functions of digestive sys

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Mastication
  3. Propulsion
  4. Mass movements in large intestine
  5. Secretion
  6. Digestion
  7. Absorption
  8. Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mastication: bones involved

A

Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mastication: joint

A

TMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mastication: muscles (4)

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Buccinator
  3. Temporalis
  4. Tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mastication: classification of joint

A

Ellipsoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mastication: structure of joint of teeth

A

Gomphoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Propulsion: where does propulsion take place?

A

From esophagus to stomach to intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 parts propulsion

A
  1. Deglutition/swallowing

2. Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mastication: bones involved

A

Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mastication: joint involved

A

TMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mastication: muscles involved

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Buccinator
  3. Temporalis
  4. Tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mastication: classification of joint TMJ

A

Ellipsoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mastication: structure of joint

A

Gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Propulsion: deglutition: movement of tongue

A

Tongue goes up and slides back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Propulsion: deglutition: voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Propulsion: peristalsis: voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Propulsion: peristalsis: function

A

Waves of contractions so food will move down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

F. of mass movements in large intestine?

A

reabsorption of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

D. of mixing in the intestines

A

segmental contractions in intestines that split food in opposite directions from stomach to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3 f. of secretion

A
  1. lubricate
  2. liquefy
  3. digest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

secretion: amylase enzyme: which biomolecule is being digested?

A

sugar/carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

4 types of secretion

A
  1. amylase enzyme
  2. mucus
  3. water
  4. bile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2 organs where secretion is produced

A
  1. stomach

2. intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

F. of bile

A

emulsify fats (NO digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

2 places where there is mechanical digestion

A
  1. mouth/oral cavity

2. stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

4 layers of digestive tract from innermost to outermost

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis
  4. serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Digestive tract: mucosa: has blood vessels?

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

digestive tract: what type of tissue is lamina propia?

A

loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

digestive tract: 2 F. of muscularis

A
  1. supports the mucosa

2. mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

digestive tract: 2 layers of muscularis

A
  1. circular

2. longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

digestive tract: what is special about submucosa? (3)

A
  1. has nerves
  2. has blood vessels
  3. has small glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

regulation of digestive system: LOCAL nervous regulation: 3 types of systems

A
  1. enteric
  2. sympathetic
  3. parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

regulation of digestive system: LOCAL nervous regulation: 3 types of neurons

A
  1. sensory
  2. motor
  3. interneurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

regulation of digestive system: LOCAL nervous regulation: 2 functions

A
  1. coordinates peristalsis

2. regulates local reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

regulation of digestive system: GENERAL nervous regulation: coordination with…

A

coordination with CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

regulation of digestive system: GENERAL nervous regulation: Initiates reflexes of stomach…

A

sight, smell, taste of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

regulation of digestive system: GENERAL nervous regulation: 2 nervous systems involved

A
  1. parasympathetic

2. sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

regulation of digestive system: chemical regulation: 2 functions

A
  1. production of hormones

2. production of paracrine chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

regulation of digestive system: chemical regulation: 2 hormones produced

A
  1. gastrin

2. secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

regulation of digestive system: chemical regulation: 4 paracrine chemicals produced

A
  1. histamine
  2. gastrin
  3. secretin
  4. acetylcholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

regulation of digestive system: chemical regulation: purpose of paracrine chemicals

A

high difference of pH is dangerous, so hormones slow down the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

3 types of peritoneum

A
  1. visceral
  2. parietal
  3. retroperitoneal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

F. of visceral peritoneum

A

cover organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

2 organs not covered by visceral peritoneum

A
  1. pancreas

2. duodenum of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

F. of parietal peritoneum

A

cover interior surface of body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

retroperitoneal: D.

A

certain organs covered by peritoneum only on one surface and are considered behind the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

5 organs covered in retroperitoneal

A
  1. kidneys
  2. pancreas
  3. duodenum of small intestine
  4. rectum
  5. urinary bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

F. of ligaments in digestive system

A

keep organs in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

ligaments: what does the lesser omentum connect?

A

liver to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

ligaments: what does the greater omentum connect?

A

transverse colon to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

D. of mesenteries in tissue

A

CT that has blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

list 2 ligaments assoc. with liver

A
  1. coronary

2. falciform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

location of coronary ligament

A

between liver and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

location of falciform ligament

A

between liver and anterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

7 structures of oral cavity

A
  1. teeth
  2. tongue
  3. uvula
  4. gingiva
  5. lips
  6. hard palate
  7. soft palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

5 muscles for the lips

A
  1. orbicularis oris
  2. labial frenula
  3. levator labis
  4. platysma
  5. risorius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

lips: F. of labial frenula

A

keep lips closely attached to teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

lips: F. of platysma

A

frowning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

lips: F. of risorius

A

smiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

muscle of cheek

A

buccinator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

F. of palatine tonsils

A

protection against bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

2 types of muscle of tongue

A
  1. intrinsic

2. extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

tongue: F. of intrinsic muscle

A

change shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

tongue: 2 F. of extrinsic muscle

A

protrude or retract tongue; move side to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

tongue: D. of lingual frenulum

A

structure that attaches tongue inferiorly to floor of oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

2 sets of teeth and their period of life

A
  1. primary, deciduous, milk: childhood

2. permanent/secondary: adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

why do humans have 2 sets of teeth?

A

difference in diets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

4 types of teeth

A
  1. incisors
  2. canines
  3. premolars
  4. molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

teeth: what is the anatomical crown

A

part of teeth we use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

teeth: what is the cusp

A

part we clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

teeth: where is the neck

A

between anatomical crown and root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

teeth: where is the root

A

inside bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

teeth: what 3 structures does the root have?

A
  1. periodontal ligaments
  2. nerves
  3. blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

teeth: how does cavity form?

A

bacteria chews up enamel on cusp and makes contact with live cells underneath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Mastication: 5 movements

A
  1. elevation
  2. depression
  3. protraction
  4. retraction
  5. excursion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

3 pairs of multicellular SALIVARY glands

A
  1. parotid
  2. submandibular
  3. sublingual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

salivary glands: S. of parotid multicellular glands

A
  1. serous

2. largest glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

salivary glands: S. of submandibular multicellular glands

A

mixed serous and mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

salivary glands: S. of sublingual

A

mostly mucus; smallest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

salivary glands: S. of lingual glands

A

small, coiled tubular glands on surface of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

saliva: which 2 biomolecules does saliva start digestion for?

A
  1. lipids

2. carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

saliva: what does amylase break down?

A

carbohydrates/sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

saliva: what does lipase break down?

A

lipids

90
Q

3 F. of saliva

A
  1. kill bacteria
  2. lubrication
  3. preparation for bolus
91
Q

saliva: 2 types of nervous system used

A
  1. sympathetic

2. parasympathetic

92
Q

S. of saliva

A

branched

93
Q

What structure of alimentary canal does swallowing start with?

A

oral cavity (teeth, tongue, hard and soft palate)

94
Q

3 S. of pharynx

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
95
Q

which structure of pharynx that is only part of respiratory system?

A

laryngopharynx

96
Q

3 phases of swallowing/deglutition and if voluntary/involuntary

A
  1. voluntary: bolus of food from oral cavity to pharynx
  2. pharyngeal: involuntary reflex
  3. esophageal: involuntary reflex
97
Q

swallowing/deglutition: pharyngeal: role of epiglottis

A

block respiratory system towards trachea

98
Q

3 S. of stomach

A
  1. fundus
  2. body
  3. pyloric part
99
Q

2 sphincters of stomach

A
  1. cardiac/gastroesophageal sphincter

2. pyloric sphincter

100
Q

location of gastroesophageal/cardiac sphincter

A

between esophagus and stomach

101
Q

location of pyloric sphincter

A

between stomach and duodenum of small intestine

102
Q

stomach: where do the lesser and greater omentums attach?

A

lesser and greater curvatures

103
Q

3 layers of muscularis of stomach

A
  1. longitudinal
  2. circular
  3. oblique
104
Q

stomach: rugae

A

folded lining

105
Q

F. of rugae in stomach

A

help stomach stretch

106
Q

stomach: which S. helps with distension?

A

fundus

107
Q

Stomach: What type of tissue is gastric glands made of? (Secretion)

A

Cuboidal

108
Q

Stomach: F. of mucus cells

A

protection from high acidic levels

109
Q

Stomach: most abundant type of cells in stomach

A

mucus cells

110
Q

stomach: F. of parietal cells

A

produce HCL

111
Q

stomach: chief cells: D. of pepsinogen

A

enzyme that is originally produced as zymogen (inactive enzyme)

112
Q

stomach: chief cells: F. of pepsinogen

A

break down proteins

113
Q

stomach: D. of endocrine cells

A

regulatory hormones

114
Q

stomach: endocrine cells: F. of gastrin cells

A

secrete pepsinogen

115
Q

stomach: endocrine cells: F. of somatostatin cells

A

inhibitor

116
Q

stomach: endocrine cells: F. of enterochromaffin cells

A

histamine

117
Q

secretions of the stomach: F. of intrinsic factor

A

produce vitamin B12

118
Q

secretions of the stomach: F. of vitamin B12

A

DNA synthesis and growth

119
Q

D. of chyme

A

food in stomach

120
Q

Stomach: 4 F. of HCL

A
  1. kill bacteria
  2. carbohydrate digestion stops in stomach
  3. denature protein
  4. convert pepsinogen to pepsin
121
Q

First two steps of hydrochloric acid production

A
  1. blood vessels have CO2. CO2 diffuses into parietal cells

2. CO2 interacts with H2O and carbonic anydrase enzyme. Forms H2CO3

122
Q

3rd step of hydrochloric acid production

A

H2CO3 splits into H+ (hydrogen) and HCO3- (bicarbonate)

123
Q

4th step of hydrochloric acid production

A

H+ is in the parietal cells, which already has lots of H+, so cannot do diffusion to get out. Therefore, an active pump is needed to use ATP and Na inside to put H+ in the duct

124
Q

5th/last step of hydrochloric acid production

A

HCO3- gets out through antiport (no ATP) and the Cl- gets in. Cl- cannot stay inside cell and gets into the duct through diffusion

125
Q

3 phases of control of the stomach

A
  1. cephalic
  2. gastric
  3. intestinal
126
Q

control of stomach: cephalic: 2 F.

A
  1. movements

2. secretion

127
Q

which 2 of 3 phases of control of stomach has a POSITIVE effect in movement and secretion?

A
  1. cephalic

2. gastric

128
Q

which 1 of 3 phases of control of stomach has NEGATIVE effect in movement and secretion?

A

intestinal

129
Q

control of the stomach: what is the stimulator during cephalic phase?

A

perception of food

130
Q

control of the stomach: which 2 of 3 phases activates the VAGUS nerve to send information to the stomach?

A
  1. cephalic phase

2. gastric phase

131
Q

control of the stomach: which 2 of 3 phases is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, which activates the internal organs?

A
  1. cephalic phase

2. gastric phase

132
Q

control of stomach: D. of gastric phase

A

chyme stimulates the nerves

133
Q

3 terms for food based on their location

A
  1. bolus - swallowing
  2. chyme - stomach
  3. feces - intestines
134
Q

control of stomach: what is the stimulator during gastric phase?

A

chyme

135
Q

control of stomach: what is the stimulator during intestinal phase?

A

feces (food in duodenum)

136
Q

control of stomach: intestinal phase: which 2 hormones are stimulated in the duodenum?

A
  1. secretin hormone

2. cholecystokinin hormone (CCK)

137
Q

what do secretin and CCK hormones inhibit?

A

gastrins

138
Q

movements of stomach: 2 types of movements

A
  1. mixing waves

2. peristaltic wave

139
Q

which organ is the site of the greatest amount of digestion and absorption of nutrients and water?

A

small intestine

140
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A
  1. dueodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
141
Q

list the parts of small intestine from shortest to longest

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
142
Q

which part of small intestine has Peyer’s patches/lymph nodes?

A

ileum

143
Q

which part of small intestine has enterocyte cells and Pancreatic enzymes?

A

ileum

144
Q

which part of small intestine has the papilla?

A

ileum

145
Q

2 entries to duodenum of the papilla

A
  1. minor papilla

2. major papilla

146
Q

small intestine: ileum: which part of papilla only has liver enzymes?

A

major papilla

147
Q

small intestine: ileum: what do both parts, minor and major papilla, have _____ enzymes?

A

pancreatic enzymes

148
Q

small intestine: circular folds are called…

A

plicae circulares

149
Q

small intestine: what is the structure that is made of enterocytes and has blood vessels?

A

villi digits

150
Q

S. intestine: type of epithelium of villi digits

A

simple columnar for secretion and absorption

151
Q

s. intestine: villi digits: 3 structures are found

A
  1. submucosa
  2. blood vessels
  3. lymphatic vessels
152
Q

S. intestine: D. of microvilli digitations

A

Extension of the cell membrane

153
Q

S. intestine: are the microvilli digitations avascular or vascular?

A

avascular

154
Q

duodenum: type of cell that produces digestive enzymes and absorb digested food

A

absorptive cells

155
Q

duodenum: type of cell that protects from bacteria

A

goblet cells

156
Q

duodenum: type of cells called crypts of Lieberkuhn; site of stem cell activity at bottom of villi

A

intestinal glands

157
Q

duodenum: type of immune cells are called…

A

granular cells

158
Q

duodenum: type of cell that produces mucus

A

duodenal glands in submucosa

159
Q

what are the 2 sites of production of mucus in small intestine?

A
  1. goblet cells

2. duodenal glands

160
Q

jejunum and ileum: there is a gradual decrease in 4 things

A
  1. diameter
  2. # of circular food
  3. thickness of intestinal wall
  4. # of villi
161
Q

junction at end of small intestine is called

A

ileoceccal junction

162
Q

4 types of secretions in small intestine

A
  1. water
  2. electrolytes
  3. mucus
  4. enzymes
163
Q

list 3 disaccharides

A
  1. maltose
  2. lactose
  3. sucrose
164
Q

list 3 monosaccharides

A
  1. glucose
  2. fructose
  3. galactose
165
Q

what does peptidases enzyme do?

A

digest proteins into amino acids

166
Q

what does nucleases enzyme do?

A

digest nucleic acids into nucleotides

167
Q

where is the ONLY ORGAN where lipase is produced?

A

pancreas

168
Q

3 types of innervation in small intestine

A
  1. sympathetic
  2. parasympathetic
  3. enteric
169
Q

what causes the ileocecal sphincter to close as a local reflex?

A

cecal distention (enlargement/swelling)

170
Q

in which organ is bile produced?

A

liver

171
Q

2 F. of bile

A
  1. neutralize stomach acid

2. emulsify fats (NO digestion)

172
Q

which hormone stimulates bile production in the liver?

A

secretin

173
Q

which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to empty its bile into the duodenum?

A

CCK

174
Q

are there digestive enzymes in the liver?

A

NO

175
Q

where is the liver located?

A

on the right side underneath the diaphragm

176
Q

where is the major and minor liver lobes located?

A
  1. major = right

2. minor = left

177
Q

which ligament separates the two lobes of the liver?

A

falciform ligament

178
Q

list 3 types of ducts and vessels of the hepatic portal entry of the liver

A
  1. hepatic ducts
  2. hepatic portal veins
  3. hepatic arteries
179
Q

liver: hepatic portal entry: F. of hepatic ducts

A

move bile from center to outside

180
Q

liver: what type of blood do the hepatic portal veins have?

A

deoxygenated blood

181
Q

liver: why type of blood doe the hepatic arteries have?

A

oxygenated blood

182
Q

why is the liver a special dark color?

A

mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

183
Q

3 structures of the liver from smallest to largest

A
  1. hepatocyte
  2. hepatic cords
  3. lobules
184
Q

6 F. of hepatocytes in liver

A
  1. produce bile
  2. storage
  3. interconversion of nutrients (lipids/proteins to glucose)
  4. detoxification
  5. phagocytosis
  6. synthesis of hemoglobin
185
Q

are digestive enzymes produced in the liver?

A

NO

186
Q

name of blood vessels in lobules of liver

A

hepatosinusoid blood vessels

187
Q

how is the spleen assoc. with the liver?

A

it shares a branch of blood vessels

188
Q

what shape are liver lobules?

A

hexagon

189
Q

3 parts of pancreas

A
  1. head
  2. body
  3. tail
190
Q

2 types of functions of pancreas

A
  1. exocrine

2. endocrine

191
Q

pancreas: exocrine: type of cells that secrete enzymes

A

acinar cells

192
Q

pancreas: endocrine: what produces hormones?

A

pancreatic islet

193
Q

pancreas: endocrine: what do alpha cells secrete?

A

glucagon

194
Q

pancreas: endocrine: what do beta cells secrete?

A

insulin

195
Q

pancreatic secretion: bicarbonate

A

fights acidity of food from stomach (lower pH)

196
Q

pancreatic secretion: 3 zymogens

A
  1. trypsinogen
  2. chymotrypsinogen
  3. procarboxypeptidase
197
Q

pancreatic secretion: euterokinase and trypinogen turns to…

A

trypsin

198
Q

pancreatic secretion: trypsin activates chymotrupinsogen into…

A

chymotrypsin

199
Q

pancreatic secretion: trypsin actives procarboxypeptidase to…

A

carboxypeptidase

200
Q

pancreatic secretion: which nerve stimulates digestive juice?

A

vagus nerve

201
Q

secretin: + or - regulator for liver and pancreas

A

positive

202
Q

secretin: + or - regulator for stomach

A

negative

203
Q

large intestine: what attachment is part of cecum?

A

vermiform appendix

204
Q

large intestine: 2 types of sphincter of anal canal

A
  1. involuntary sphincter

2. voluntary sphincter

205
Q

large intestine: tenia coli

A

longitudinal muscles that are clustered together

206
Q

large intestine: haustra

A

bulging muscles

207
Q

large intestine: omental appendages

A

attaches large intestine to peritoneum and keeps it in place

208
Q

3 materials large intestine reabsorbs

A
  1. water
  2. vitamins
  3. irons
209
Q

hormone that stimulates appetite/hunger

A

ghrelin hormone

210
Q

large intestine: what do goblet cells produce?

A

mucus

211
Q

large intestine: F. of mucus

A

protection

212
Q

large intestine: F. of pumps

A

produce acid

213
Q

large intestine: (2) F. of bacterial

A
  1. produce gases

2. produce vitamin K for coagulation

214
Q

large intestine: feces is made of 4 things…

A
  1. water
  2. food
  3. microorganisms
  4. sloughed off epithelial cells
215
Q

large intestine: what are mass movements regulated by?

A

local reflexes

216
Q

large intestine: what initiates the local reflexes, which regulate the mass movements?

A

presence of food in stomach and duodenum

217
Q

L. intestine: mass movement: local reflex: what organ initiates the gastrocolic reflex?

A

stomach

218
Q

L. intestine: mass movement: local reflex: what organ initiates the duodenocolic reflex?

A

colon

219
Q

L. intestine: where is the defecation center located?

A

end of spinal cord

220
Q

liver: which vein goes from intestine to liver?

A

portal vein

221
Q

liver: which vein goes from liver to intestine?

A

hepatic vein

222
Q

Vitamin C is soluble or in-soluble?

A

soluble

BIO-161-B (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions