Exam 1: Ch. 4

Question 1

histology

Answer 1

study of tissues

Question 2

biopsy

Answer 2

removal of live tissues for diagnosis

Question 3

autopsy

Answer 3

exam. of organs in dead body

Question 4

4 types of tissue

Answer 4

1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. nervous

Question 5

3 types of muscle tissue; voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 5

1. skeletal - voluntary
2. smooth - involuntary (hollow organs)
3. cardiac - involuntary (heart)

Question 6

glial cells

Answer 6

support neurons to function

Question 7

epithelial tissue: made of a lot of cells or matrix?

Answer 7

cells

Question 8

connective tissue: made of a lot of cells or matrix?

Answer 8

matrix

Question 9

structure of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

3 layers: free/apical surface, lateral and basal

Question 10

characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 10

1. tightly packed cells
2. avascular
3. regenerate

Question 11

functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 11

1. protection
2. barrier
3. allow substances to pass
4. secretion
5. absorption
6. prevents dehydration

Question 12

3 shapes of epithelial tissue and function

Answer 12

1. squamous: protection
2. cuboidal: secretion or absorption
3. columnar: secretion and aborption

Question 13

3 types of layers of epithelial tissue

Answer 13

1. simple
2. stratified (same nucleus position)
3. pseudostratified (nucleus position not unified)

Question 14

Transitional epithelial tissue

Answer 14

able to adapt to volume

ex. urinary bladder

Question 15

cell connections: functions

Answer 15

permeability and bind cells

Question 16

cell connections: 3 types

Answer 16

desmosomes, tight junction, gap junction

Question 17

cell connections: tight junction made of

Answer 17

actin filament

Question 18

cell connections: desmosomes

Answer 18

intermediate filaments

Question 19

2 types of glands

Answer 19

endocrine and exocrine

Question 20

endocrine glands

Answer 20

1. produce hormones

2. no ducts

Question 21

exocrine glands

Answer 21

1. has ducts

2. transports products outside

Question 22

exocrine: multicellular: compound: differentiate acinar and tubular shape

Answer 22

Acinar: sebaceous glands of skin
Tubular: glands in stomach and colon

Question 23

3 methods of secretion types

Answer 23

1. merocrine gland
2. aprocrine gland
3. holocrine gland

Question 24

secretion types: merocrine gland and ex.

Answer 24

products go out

ex. sweat gland

Question 25

secretion types: aprocrine gland and ex.

Answer 25

apical surface goes out | ex. mammary gland

Question 26

secretion types: holocrine gland and ex.

Answer 26

the whole cell goes out | ex. sebaceous gland

Question 27

3 examples of connective tissue

Answer 27

1. blood 2. cartilage 3. bones

Question 28

7 functions of connective tissue

Answer 28

1. enclose organs around veins 2. connect tissues together (tendons) 3. support and movement (bones) 4. storage (fat) 5. cushion and insulation (fat) 6. transport (blood) 7. protection (immune)

Question 29

2 types of adipose tissue and function

Answer 29

1. yellow (most abundant and energy storage) | 2. brown (temp regulation)

Question 30

location: reticular connective tissue

Answer 30

bone marrow

Question 31

function: dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Answer 31

resist stretching

Question 32

2 types of dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Answer 32

tendons and ligaments

Question 33

location: dense elastic connective tissue

Answer 33

vocal folds

Question 34

3 types of cartilage

Answer 34

1. hyaline 2. fibrocartilage 3. elastic

Question 35

hyaline cartilage

Answer 35

most abundant

Question 36

Location: fibrocartilage

Answer 36

places that have lots of tension | ex. vertebrate and jaw

Question 37

Location: elastic cartilage

Answer 37

only in ear and epiglottis (respiratory)

Question 38

2 minerals in bone

Answer 38

calcium and phosphate

Question 39

3 elements in blood

Answer 39

red cells, white cells, platelets

Question 40

Location: hemopoietic tissue (fluid connective tissue)

Answer 40

red bone marrow

Question 41

4 manifestations of tissue damage

Answer 41

1. redness 2. heat 3. swelling 4. blood

Question 42

2 types of cytokines

Answer 42

1. histamine | 2. prostaglandin (contraction)

Question 43

function of cytokines

Answer 43

increase pain

Question 44

3 effects of aging on tissues

Answer 44

1. cell divide slowly = slow healing 2. collagen fibers become irregular 3. elastic fibers fragment = wrinkles in skin