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BIO-161-B > Exam 1: Ch. 2 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ch. 2 pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

List water properties

A 
cohesion
adhesion
capillary action
floats when freezes
expands upon freezing
high specific heat
universal solvent
lubrication/protection
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2
Q

mixture

A

substances physically combined

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3
Q

mixture: suspension

A

materials separate unless stirred

ex. sand and water

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4
Q

mixture: colloid

A

dispersal of tiny particles through a medium

ex. milk

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5
Q

solution

A

mixture of liquids, gasses or solids that are UNIFORMLY distributed and chemically combined

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6
Q

Ex of sthg that is all a mixture, solution and colloid?

A

blood

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7
Q

concentration

A

measure of # of particles of solute per volume of solution

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8
Q

osmolality

A

of particles dissolved in 1 kg of water; unit of concentration

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9
Q

acid

A

proton donor; releases H+

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10
Q

base

A

proton acceptor; accepts H+

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11
Q

salt

A

cation + anion ex. NaCl

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12
Q

buffer

A

solution of a conjugate acid-base pair; keeps the pH constant

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13
Q

pH scale refers to…

A

the Hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

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14
Q

acidic = =

A

more H+ = low pH

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15
Q

basic = =

A

less H+ = high pH

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16
Q

pH of blood?

A

7.4

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17
Q

2 ex. of acidic solution

A

HCl and gastric acid

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18
Q

2 ex. basic solution

A

Baking soda, oven cleaner

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19
Q

3 important biological buffers

A

bicarbonate, phosphates, protein

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20
Q

3 components of carbohydrates?

A

CHO

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21
Q

2 functions of carbohydrates

A

energy and structure

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22
Q

3 components of lipids

A

CHO

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23
Q

6 functions of lipids

A

protection, insulation, energy, phospholipid structure, cholesterol, physiological regulation

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24
Q

4 components of proteins

A

CHON

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25
Q

5 functions of proteins

A

transport, protection (antibodies), muscle contraction, structure, regulate processes (enzymes)

26
Q

5 components of nucleic acids

A

CHONP

27
Q

3 ex. of nucleic acid

A

DNA, RNA, ATP

28
Q

3 ex of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

29
Q

2 ex of 5-carbon sugars

A

ribose and deoxyribose

30
Q

Carbs: monosaccharides

A

simple sugars

31
Q

carbs: disaccharides

A

2 simple sugars

32
Q

3 ex. of disaccharides

A

sucrose, lactose and maltose

33
Q

what is special about glucose, fructose and galactose?

A

isomers of each other

34
Q

components of sucrose

A

glucose + fructose

35
Q

components of lactose

A

glucose + galactose

36
Q

components of maltose

A

glucose + glucose

37
Q

which disaccharide can we not produce?

A

maltose

38
Q

carbs: polysaccharides

A

long chain of monosaccharides

39
Q

3 types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

40
Q

2 components of triglyercide

A

glyercol + 3 fatty acids

41
Q

saturated fats: what type of bonds? type of structure? ex.

A

all single bonds; rigid structure; ex. butter

42
Q

unsaturated fats: what type of bonds? type of structure? ex.

A

double bonds; relaxed structure; ex. vegetable oil

43
Q

trans fats: structure

A

H on top and H on bottom

44
Q

Phospholipids are…

A

amphipathic

45
Q

2 components of phospholipid

A

1 phosphate group + 2 fatty acids

46
Q

4 fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

47
Q

Vitamin A

A

vision

48
Q

vitamin D

A

put calcium in bones

49
Q

vitamin E

A

antioxidants for skin

50
Q

vitamin K

A

blood coagulation

51
Q

where are eicosanoids derived from?

A

fatty acids

52
Q

function of eicosanoids

A

important regulatory molecules

53
Q

4 types of steroids

A

cholesterol, bile salts, estrogen, testosterone

54
Q

function of cholesterol (steroid)

A

makes cell membrane fluid

55
Q

what is unique about cholesterol?

A

it can be arranged into bile salts, estrogen and testosterone

56
Q

components of amino acid

A

amino group, carbon, residual link (R group), carboxyl group

57
Q

2 types of secondary structures

A

alpha helix and beta sheets

58
Q

enzymes: induced fit hypothesis

A

enzymes change shape to accommodate the shape of specific reactants

59
Q

3 components of nucleotides

A

5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate

60
Q

4 differences between RNA and DNA

A

Ribose vs. deoxyribose
Uracil vs. thymine
single strand vs. double helix
protein synthesis vs. stores genetic info

BIO-161-B (15 decks)

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