Exam 1: Ch. 2 pt. 2

Question 1

List water properties

Answer 1

cohesion
adhesion
capillary action
floats when freezes
expands upon freezing
high specific heat
universal solvent
lubrication/protection

Question 2

mixture

Answer 2

substances physically combined

Question 3

mixture: suspension

Answer 3

materials separate unless stirred

ex. sand and water

Question 4

mixture: colloid

Answer 4

dispersal of tiny particles through a medium

ex. milk

Question 5

solution

Answer 5

mixture of liquids, gasses or solids that are UNIFORMLY distributed and chemically combined

Question 6

Ex of sthg that is all a mixture, solution and colloid?

Answer 6

blood

Question 7

concentration

Answer 7

measure of # of particles of solute per volume of solution

Question 8

osmolality

Answer 8

of particles dissolved in 1 kg of water; unit of concentration

Question 9

acid

Answer 9

proton donor; releases H+

Question 10

base

Answer 10

proton acceptor; accepts H+

Question 11

salt

Answer 11

cation + anion ex. NaCl

Question 12

buffer

Answer 12

solution of a conjugate acid-base pair; keeps the pH constant

Question 13

pH scale refers to…

Answer 13

the Hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Question 14

acidic = =

Answer 14

more H+ = low pH

Question 15

basic = =

Answer 15

less H+ = high pH

Question 16

pH of blood?

Answer 16

7.4

Question 17

2 ex. of acidic solution

Answer 17

HCl and gastric acid

Question 18

2 ex. basic solution

Answer 18

Baking soda, oven cleaner

Question 19

3 important biological buffers

Answer 19

bicarbonate, phosphates, protein

Question 20

3 components of carbohydrates?

Answer 20

CHO

Question 21

2 functions of carbohydrates

Answer 21

energy and structure

Question 22

3 components of lipids

Answer 22

CHO

Question 23

6 functions of lipids

Answer 23

protection, insulation, energy, phospholipid structure, cholesterol, physiological regulation

Question 24

4 components of proteins

Answer 24

CHON

Question 25

5 functions of proteins

Answer 25

transport, protection (antibodies), muscle contraction, structure, regulate processes (enzymes)

Question 26

5 components of nucleic acids

Answer 26

CHONP

Question 27

3 ex. of nucleic acid

Answer 27

DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 28

3 ex of monosaccharides

Answer 28

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 29

2 ex of 5-carbon sugars

Answer 29

ribose and deoxyribose

Question 30

Carbs: monosaccharides

Answer 30

simple sugars

Question 31

carbs: disaccharides

Answer 31

2 simple sugars

Question 32

3 ex. of disaccharides

Answer 32

sucrose, lactose and maltose

Question 33

what is special about glucose, fructose and galactose?

Answer 33

isomers of each other

Question 34

components of sucrose

Answer 34

glucose + fructose

Question 35

components of lactose

Answer 35

glucose + galactose

Question 36

components of maltose

Answer 36

glucose + glucose

Question 37

which disaccharide can we not produce?

Answer 37

maltose

Question 38

carbs: polysaccharides

Answer 38

long chain of monosaccharides

Question 39

3 types of carbohydrates

Answer 39

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 40

2 components of triglyercide

Answer 40

glyercol + 3 fatty acids

Question 41

saturated fats: what type of bonds? type of structure? ex.

Answer 41

all single bonds; rigid structure; ex. butter

Question 42

unsaturated fats: what type of bonds? type of structure? ex.

Answer 42

double bonds; relaxed structure; ex. vegetable oil

Question 43

trans fats: structure

Answer 43

H on top and H on bottom

Question 44

Phospholipids are...

Answer 44

amphipathic

Question 45

2 components of phospholipid

Answer 45

1 phosphate group + 2 fatty acids

Question 46

4 fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 46

Vitamin A, D, E, K

Question 47

Vitamin A

Answer 47

vision

Question 48

vitamin D

Answer 48

put calcium in bones

Question 49

vitamin E

Answer 49

antioxidants for skin

Question 50

vitamin K

Answer 50

blood coagulation

Question 51

where are eicosanoids derived from?

Answer 51

fatty acids

Question 52

function of eicosanoids

Answer 52

important regulatory molecules

Question 53

4 types of steroids

Answer 53

cholesterol, bile salts, estrogen, testosterone

Question 54

function of cholesterol (steroid)

Answer 54

makes cell membrane fluid

Question 55

what is unique about cholesterol?

Answer 55

it can be arranged into bile salts, estrogen and testosterone

Question 56

components of amino acid

Answer 56

amino group, carbon, residual link (R group), carboxyl group

Question 57

2 types of secondary structures

Answer 57

alpha helix and beta sheets

Question 58

enzymes: induced fit hypothesis

Answer 58

enzymes change shape to accommodate the shape of specific reactants

Question 59

3 components of nucleotides

Answer 59

5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate

Question 60

4 differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 60

Ribose vs. deoxyribose Uracil vs. thymine single strand vs. double helix protein synthesis vs. stores genetic info