Exam 1: Ch. 2 pt. 1

Question 1

Which is bigger? Molecules or compounds?

Answer 1

Compounds are bigger

Question 2

Element?

Answer 2

Composed of atoms of only 1 kind

Question 3

Lithium (Li)

Answer 3

anti-depression

Question 4

Calcium (Ca)

Answer 4

bones, muscle, contraction

Question 5

Magnesium (Mg)

Answer 5

muscle contraction

Question 6

Iron (Fe)

Answer 6

blood-hemoglobin

Question 7

Zinc (Zn)

Answer 7

Dermatitis cream

Question 8

Aluminum (Al)

Answer 8

Deodorant-kills bacteria

Question 9

Tin (Sn)

Answer 9

Toxic

Question 10

Carbon (c)

Answer 10

in every organic molecule

Question 11

Nitrogen (N)

Answer 11

protein (amino acids), DNA, some sugars

Question 12

Oxygen (O)

Answer 12

present in all molecules

Question 13

Phosphorus (P)

Answer 13

nucleic acid (DNA)

Question 14

Chlorine (Cl)

Answer 14

protects teeth

Question 15

Fluorine (F)

Answer 15

PET scan

Question 16

Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Chlorine (Cl)

Answer 16

acid-base balance

Question 17

Sulfar (S)

Answer 17

amino acids: forms bridges, protein conformation, removes mutations

Question 18

Iodine (I)

Answer 18

hormones: thyroid gland(T3 and T4) for temperature regulation and growth

Question 19

Table: Location, charge, and mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 19

Location Charge Mass
P Nucleus +1 1
N nucleus 0 1
E outside -1 0

Question 20

Atomic number = =

Answer 20

of protons = # of electrons

Question 21

Mass number =

Answer 21

of protons + # neutrons

Question 22

Isotopes

Answer 22

two or more forms of same element with same # of protons and electrons but different # of neutrons (same atomic #, different mass #)

Question 23

3 functions of isotopes

Answer 23

1. sterilize equipment by scanning them with radioactive isotopes
2. diagnosis of cancer
3. make bombs by creating heavy water with hydrogen isotopes
4. Tracking hormone intake

Question 24

Radioactive isotopes?

Answer 24

forms of atoms that emit radioactivity such as gamma rays, which can then be measured

Question 25

of electrons in 1st level? 2nd level?

Answer 25

2, then 8

Question 26

ionic bonding and ex. ?

Answer 26

atoms exchange electrons between ions (cation and anion) | ex. NaCl

Question 27

covalent bonding

Answer 27

atoms share electron pairs | ex. H2O, Glucose (CHO)

Question 28

ion

Answer 28

atom loses or gains electrons and becomes charged (gains electron = neg. charged)

Question 29

cation and ex?

Answer 29

positively charged ion ex. K, Ca, Na, H

Question 30

anion and ex?

Answer 30

negatively charged ion ex. Cl, F

Question 31

nonpolar covalent bond and Ex.

Answer 31

electrons shared equally | ex. O2

Question 32

polar covalent bond and Ex.

Answer 32

electrons NOT shared equally | ex. H2O and CO2

Question 33

molecules and ex.

Answer 33

2+ atoms chemically combine to form independent unit | Ex. H2

Question 34

compounds and ex.

Answer 34

substance composed of 2+ DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically combine Ex. H2O

Question 35

molecular mass

Answer 35

determined by adding up atomic masses of atoms/ions | ex. NaCl (22.99+35.45)

Question 36

forces between MOLECULES?

Answer 36

intermolecular forces

Question 37

forces between ATOMS?

Answer 37

ionic and covalent bonds

Question 38

2 types of IMF

Answer 38

hydrogen and van der waals

Question 39

IMF: hydrogen bonds?

Answer 39

+H of one molecule is attracted to -O, N, or F of another molecule

Question 40

4 types of bonds

Answer 40

1. ionic bond (complete transfer) 2. polar covalent bond (unequal sharing) 3. nonpolar covalent bond (equal sharing) 4. hydrogen bond

Question 41

IMF: dissociation/separation

Answer 41

ions separate and become surrounded by water molecules

Question 42

electrolyte

Answer 42

- solutions made by dissociation of cations (+) and anions (-) in water - conduct electricity

Question 43

nonelectrolytes and Ex.

Answer 43

solutions made by molecules that dissolve in water but does not conduct electricity ex. Glucose

Question 44

metabolism

Answer 44

sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

Question 45

Synthesis = =

Answer 45

anabolism = dehydration (water taken away)

Question 46

3 responsibilities of synthesis reactions

Answer 46

growth, maintenance, and repair

Question 47

decomposition = =

Answer 47

catabolism = hydrolysis

Question 48

Ex. of decomposition

Answer 48

breakdown of ATP to form ADP and phosphate

Question 49

all reactions are ____ in body through enzymes

Answer 49

reversible

Question 50

Ex. of the only nonreversible reaction

Answer 50

explosion

Question 51

what is ATP made of?

Answer 51

ribose, adenine, 3 phosphates

Question 52

3 factors that affect speed of reactions

Answer 52

temperature, concentration of reactants, # of catalysts (enzyme)

Question 53

2 types of chemistry

Answer 53

inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry

Question 54

inorganic chemistry and Ex. and Exceptions

Answer 54

does not contain carbon (small molecules) Ex. water, oxygen, calcium phosphate, metal ions Exceptions: CO, CO2, HCO3-

Question 55

organic chemistry

Answer 55

contains carbons

Question 56

biochemicals

Answer 56

organic molecules that are biologically active