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BIO-161-B > Exam 1: Ch. 2 pt. 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ch. 2 pt. 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which is bigger? Molecules or compounds?

A

Compounds are bigger

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2
Q

Element?

A

Composed of atoms of only 1 kind

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3
Q

Lithium (Li)

A

anti-depression

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4
Q

Calcium (Ca)

A

bones, muscle, contraction

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5
Q

Magnesium (Mg)

A

muscle contraction

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6
Q

Iron (Fe)

A

blood-hemoglobin

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7
Q

Zinc (Zn)

A

Dermatitis cream

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8
Q

Aluminum (Al)

A

Deodorant-kills bacteria

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9
Q

Tin (Sn)

A

Toxic

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10
Q

Carbon (c)

A

in every organic molecule

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11
Q

Nitrogen (N)

A

protein (amino acids), DNA, some sugars

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12
Q

Oxygen (O)

A

present in all molecules

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13
Q

Phosphorus (P)

A

nucleic acid (DNA)

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14
Q

Chlorine (Cl)

A

protects teeth

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15
Q

Fluorine (F)

A

PET scan

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16
Q

Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Chlorine (Cl)

A

acid-base balance

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17
Q

Sulfar (S)

A

amino acids: forms bridges, protein conformation, removes mutations

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18
Q

Iodine (I)

A

hormones: thyroid gland(T3 and T4) for temperature regulation and growth

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19
Q

Table: Location, charge, and mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons

A

Location Charge Mass
P Nucleus +1 1
N nucleus 0 1
E outside -1 0

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20
Q

Atomic number = =

A

of protons = # of electrons

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21
Q

Mass number =

A

of protons + # neutrons

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22
Q

Isotopes

A

two or more forms of same element with same # of protons and electrons but different # of neutrons (same atomic #, different mass #)

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23
Q

3 functions of isotopes

A
  1. sterilize equipment by scanning them with radioactive isotopes
  2. diagnosis of cancer
  3. make bombs by creating heavy water with hydrogen isotopes
  4. Tracking hormone intake
24
Q

Radioactive isotopes?

A

forms of atoms that emit radioactivity such as gamma rays, which can then be measured

25
Q

of electrons in 1st level? 2nd level?

A

2, then 8

26
Q

ionic bonding and ex. ?

A

atoms exchange electrons between ions (cation and anion)

ex. NaCl

27
Q

covalent bonding

A

atoms share electron pairs

ex. H2O, Glucose (CHO)

28
Q

ion

A

atom loses or gains electrons and becomes charged (gains electron = neg. charged)

29
Q

cation and ex?

A

positively charged ion ex. K, Ca, Na, H

30
Q

anion and ex?

A

negatively charged ion ex. Cl, F

31
Q

nonpolar covalent bond and Ex.

A

electrons shared equally

ex. O2

32
Q

polar covalent bond and Ex.

A

electrons NOT shared equally

ex. H2O and CO2

33
Q

molecules and ex.

A

2+ atoms chemically combine to form independent unit

Ex. H2

34
Q

compounds and ex.

A

substance composed of 2+ DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically combine
Ex. H2O

35
Q

molecular mass

A

determined by adding up atomic masses of atoms/ions

ex. NaCl (22.99+35.45)

36
Q

forces between MOLECULES?

A

intermolecular forces

37
Q

forces between ATOMS?

A

ionic and covalent bonds

38
Q

2 types of IMF

A

hydrogen and van der waals

39
Q

IMF: hydrogen bonds?

A

+H of one molecule is attracted to -O, N, or F of another molecule

40
Q

4 types of bonds

A
  1. ionic bond (complete transfer)
  2. polar covalent bond (unequal sharing)
  3. nonpolar covalent bond (equal sharing)
  4. hydrogen bond
41
Q

IMF: dissociation/separation

A

ions separate and become surrounded by water molecules

42
Q

electrolyte

A
  • solutions made by dissociation of cations (+) and anions (-) in water
  • conduct electricity
43
Q

nonelectrolytes and Ex.

A

solutions made by molecules that dissolve in water but does not conduct electricity
ex. Glucose

44
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

45
Q

Synthesis = =

A

anabolism = dehydration (water taken away)

46
Q

3 responsibilities of synthesis reactions

A

growth, maintenance, and repair

47
Q

decomposition = =

A

catabolism = hydrolysis

48
Q

Ex. of decomposition

A

breakdown of ATP to form ADP and phosphate

49
Q

all reactions are ____ in body through enzymes

A

reversible

50
Q

Ex. of the only nonreversible reaction

A

explosion

51
Q

what is ATP made of?

A

ribose, adenine, 3 phosphates

52
Q

3 factors that affect speed of reactions

A

temperature, concentration of reactants, # of catalysts (enzyme)

53
Q

2 types of chemistry

A

inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry

54
Q

inorganic chemistry and Ex. and Exceptions

A

does not contain carbon (small molecules)
Ex. water, oxygen, calcium phosphate, metal ions
Exceptions: CO, CO2, HCO3-

55
Q

organic chemistry

A

contains carbons

56
Q

biochemicals

A

organic molecules that are biologically active

BIO-161-B (15 decks)

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