Exam 1: Ch. 1

Question 1

Anatomy?

Answer 1

Structure

Question 2

Physiology?

Answer 2

Processes or functions

Question 3

2 types of anatomy?

Answer 3

Gross/macroscopic and microscopic

Question 4

3 types of gross/macroscopic anatomy?

Answer 4

Regional, systemic, and surface

Question 5

What is the Surface type of gross/macroscopic anatomy?

Answer 5

external form and relation to deeper structures as x-ray in anatomic imaging

Question 6

2 types of microscopic anatomy?

Answer 6

cytology (cellular anatomy) and histology (study of tissues)

Question 7

2 aspects of physiology?

Answer 7

1. dynamic nature of single cells (cell physiology examines processes in cells)
2. operations of organ systems (more cells working together) ex. neurophysiology and cardiovascular

Question 8

2 studies that encompass both anatomy and physiology?

Answer 8

pathology and exercise physiology

Question 9

6 structural and functional organizations?

Answer 9

chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 10

homeostasis?

Answer 10

to maintain an internal stable environment

Question 11

how to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 11

“values of variables fluctuate around the set point to establish a normal range of values”

Question 12

set point in homeostasis?

Answer 12

ideal normal value o f a variable

Question 13

2 types of feedback systems?

Answer 13

negative and positive

Question 14

3 components of feedback systems?

Answer 14

receptor (monitor the value of some variable), control center (establishes the set point), and effector (can change the value of the variable)

Question 15

feedback system: stimulus?

Answer 15

deviation from the set point; detected by the receptor

Question 16

feedback system: response?

Answer 16

produced by the effector

Question 17

ex. of negative feedback system?

Answer 17

higher body temperature -> receptor: skin + hypothalamus -> control center in brain -> effector: sweat glands + blood vessels -> normal temperature

Question 18

ex. of positive feedback?

Answer 18

Normal ex: childbirth (increasing contractions), blood coagulation
Harmful ex: after hemorrhage, blood pressure drops and the heart’s ability to pump blood decreases

Question 19

7 types of imaging techniques?

Answer 19

radiography
ultrasound (US)
computed tomography (CT)
dynamic spatial reconstruction (DSR)
digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 20

radiography?

Answer 20

1st imaging technique
magnetic waves
shows negative shadows

Question 21

ultrasound (US)?

Answer 21

sound waves

Question 22

computed tomography (CT)?

Answer 22

slices of body
based off of radiography
related to DSR

Question 23

dynamic spatial reconstruction (DSR)?

Answer 23

3-d version of CT using multiple slices
based off of radiography
related to CT scan

Question 24

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)?

Answer 24

uses dye in blood vessels for comparison

Question 25

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Answer 25

magnetic waves

shows soft tissue

Question 26

positron emission tomography (PET)?

Answer 26

use radioactively labeled glucose to detect cancer (white spots)