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BIO-161-B > Exam 2: Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Ch. 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Subcutaneous layer: type of tissue

A

adipose tissue

connective tissue

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A

protection, sensation (pain, heat), temp regulation, Vitamin D production, excretion (sweat), immunity (barrier from bacteria), dendritic cells on epidermis kill bacteria

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3
Q

Where are the vessels in skin?

A

dermis layer

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4
Q

what is in dermis?

A

nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands (coiled), sebaceous gland (next to hair)

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5
Q

why does hair grow back?

A

the epithelial cells from epidermis surrounding hair follicle regrow

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6
Q

2 layers of skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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7
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

connective tissue with adipose tissue
not part of skin
only supports skin

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8
Q

epidermis characteristics

A

avascular
composed of cells in layers/strata w/in epidermis
basement membrane (hemidesmosomes connect btw dermis and epidermis)

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9
Q

where is epidermis layer thick?

thin?

A

thick: palms, sole of feet
thin: eyelids, lips

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10
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A 
can (stratum corneum)
little (stratum lucidum)
girls (stratum granulosum)
speak (stratum spinosum)
British/German (stratum basale/stratum germinativum)
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11
Q

F: stratum basale

A

has stem cells (does mitosis and pushes cells to stratum spinosum)
makes contact w dermis
has most nourishment

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12
Q

keratin definition

where is it produced?

A

molecule that gives strength and resistance
produced in granules in stratum granulosum layer
less nourishment = dying = granules are released into stratum lucidum (translucent)

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13
Q

why is there is no hair in some places?

A

there is stratum lucidum present

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14
Q

epidermal cells: keratinocytes

A

produce keratin

most cells

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15
Q

epidermal cells: melanocytes

A

distributed evenly throughout entire body
pigmentation/skin color
develop during embryonic growth

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16
Q

epidermal cells: langerhans’ cells

A

dendritic cells part of immune system that kills bacteria

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17
Q

epidermal cells: merkel’s cells

A

detects light, touch and pressure

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18
Q

where is the location of epidermal cells?

A

stratum basale

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19
Q

desquamate

A

old cells that move in layers upward and slough off

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20
Q

keratinization

A

as cells move outward through the layers they fill with keratin, die, and serve as a layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer

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21
Q

how many layers are in each layer of epidermis layer?

A

corneum: 25 +
basale: 1 or 2 layers
all except basale has 1+ layers (stratified)

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22
Q

thick skin

A

has all 5 epithelial strata

no hair

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23
Q

thin skin

A

no stratum lucidum
has hair
1-2 layers of granulosum

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24
Q

callus

A

inc in numbers of stratum corneum

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25
Q

skin: 3 factors in color

A

pigment, blood circulation, thickness of stratum corneum ex. lips are thin (red)

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26
Q

pigment: melanin

A

skin color in general

different types of melanin

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27
Q

where does melanin come from?

A

from metabolism of tyrosine, packaged by Golgi in melanosomes.
Tyrosine is modified in different levels to turn into melanin

28
Q

albinism

A

lack of 1st enzyme tyrosinase

NOT lack of melanocytes

29
Q

3 colors of melanin

A

brown to black, yellow, red

30
Q

melanocytes

A

cells produce melanin

between keratinocytes

31
Q

why should pregnant women not color their hair?

A

melanocytes travel

result in congenital disorder

32
Q

carotene

A

yellow pigment

gives skin yellowish tone

33
Q

where is melanocytes in layer of epithelium?

A

stratum basale

34
Q

what cells can make melanosomes?

A

melanocytes make melanosomes and give them to other cells

35
Q

dermis
what type of tissue?
more matrix or cells?
what structures included?

A 
connective tissue
matrix: collagen, reticular fibers
fibers stretch in different directions = skin bounces back
hair follicles
glands
36
Q

2 layers in dermis

A

papillary and reticular

37
Q

dermal papillae

A

makes fingerprints

38
Q

dermis: papillary layer has…

A

nerve endings and pain

39
Q

dermis: reticular layer is the…

A

deep 4/5

responsible for cleavage lines

40
Q

cleavage (tension) lines

A

cuts that are not parallel take more time to heal

surgeons need to know

41
Q

subcutaneous tissue

types of cells?

A 
Types of cells
Fibroblasts
Adipose cells
Macrophages
Also called
Hypodermis
Superficial fascia
42
Q

F: arrector pili (smooth muscle)

A

goosebumps = temperature regulation

43
Q

hair: 3 types of hair

A

lanugo, terminal hair, vellus

44
Q

hair: lanugo

A

birth

45
Q

hair: terminal hair

A

long, coarse, pigmented
scalp
eyebrows

46
Q

hair: vellus

A

short, fine, unpigmented

47
Q

hair bulb: matrix

A

source of hair

48
Q

sebaceous gland
type of gland?
function

A

holocine

oily secretion: prevents drying

49
Q

sweat gland

what type of gland?

A

merocrine

50
Q

ceruminous glands

what type of gland?

A

modified merocrine sweat glands

51
Q

earwax aka

A

cerument

52
Q

mammary glands

type of gland?

A

modified apocrine sweat glands

53
Q

1st degree burn

A

only epidermis

54
Q

2nd degree burn

A

epidermis and dermis

55
Q

3rd degree burn

A

epidermis, dermis and maybe hypodermis

56
Q

F: the rule of nines

A

estimates amount of body that is burned for an adult

57
Q

special scar: acne

A

sebaceous glands that become clogged => swollen pore

58
Q

special scar: Lichtenberg figures

A

person struck by lightening

59
Q

Rule of nines: adult vs child: similarity

A

upper limb 9%

60
Q

Rule of nines: Adult vs Child: Head, Lower limb

A

Adult: head (9%) and lower limb (18%)
Child: head (15%) and lower limb (17%)

61
Q

Which layer of epidermis is missing in thin skin?

A

stratum lucidum

62
Q

Nail: white part of nail that grows out

A

free edge

63
Q

Nail: half moon shape

A

lunula

64
Q

Nail: extra skin on lunula

A

cuticle

65
Q

Nail: skin directly underneath free edge

A

hyponychium

BIO-161-B (15 decks)

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