Exam 2: Ch. 5

Question 1

Subcutaneous layer: type of tissue

Answer 1

adipose tissue

connective tissue

Question 2

Functions of skin

Answer 2

protection, sensation (pain, heat), temp regulation, Vitamin D production, excretion (sweat), immunity (barrier from bacteria), dendritic cells on epidermis kill bacteria

Question 3

Where are the vessels in skin?

Answer 3

dermis layer

Question 4

what is in dermis?

Answer 4

nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands (coiled), sebaceous gland (next to hair)

Question 5

why does hair grow back?

Answer 5

the epithelial cells from epidermis surrounding hair follicle regrow

Question 6

2 layers of skin

Answer 6

epidermis and dermis

Question 7

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 7

connective tissue with adipose tissue
not part of skin
only supports skin

Question 8

epidermis characteristics

Answer 8

avascular
composed of cells in layers/strata w/in epidermis
basement membrane (hemidesmosomes connect btw dermis and epidermis)

Question 9

where is epidermis layer thick?

thin?

Answer 9

thick: palms, sole of feet
thin: eyelids, lips

Question 10

5 layers of epidermis

Answer 10

can (stratum corneum)
little (stratum lucidum)
girls (stratum granulosum)
speak (stratum spinosum)
British/German (stratum basale/stratum germinativum)

Question 11

F: stratum basale

Answer 11

has stem cells (does mitosis and pushes cells to stratum spinosum)
makes contact w dermis
has most nourishment

Question 12

keratin definition

where is it produced?

Answer 12

molecule that gives strength and resistance
produced in granules in stratum granulosum layer
less nourishment = dying = granules are released into stratum lucidum (translucent)

Question 13

why is there is no hair in some places?

Answer 13

there is stratum lucidum present

Question 14

epidermal cells: keratinocytes

Answer 14

produce keratin

most cells

Question 15

epidermal cells: melanocytes

Answer 15

distributed evenly throughout entire body
pigmentation/skin color
develop during embryonic growth

Question 16

epidermal cells: langerhans’ cells

Answer 16

dendritic cells part of immune system that kills bacteria

Question 17

epidermal cells: merkel’s cells

Answer 17

detects light, touch and pressure

Question 18

where is the location of epidermal cells?

Answer 18

stratum basale

Question 19

desquamate

Answer 19

old cells that move in layers upward and slough off

Question 20

keratinization

Answer 20

as cells move outward through the layers they fill with keratin, die, and serve as a layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer

Question 21

how many layers are in each layer of epidermis layer?

Answer 21

corneum: 25 +
basale: 1 or 2 layers
all except basale has 1+ layers (stratified)

Question 22

thick skin

Answer 22

has all 5 epithelial strata

no hair

Question 23

thin skin

Answer 23

no stratum lucidum
has hair
1-2 layers of granulosum

Question 24

callus

Answer 24

inc in numbers of stratum corneum

Question 25

skin: 3 factors in color

Answer 25

pigment, blood circulation, thickness of stratum corneum ex. lips are thin (red)

Question 26

pigment: melanin

Answer 26

skin color in general | different types of melanin

Question 27

where does melanin come from?

Answer 27

from metabolism of tyrosine, packaged by Golgi in melanosomes. Tyrosine is modified in different levels to turn into melanin

Question 28

albinism

Answer 28

lack of 1st enzyme tyrosinase | NOT lack of melanocytes

Question 29

3 colors of melanin

Answer 29

brown to black, yellow, red

Question 30

melanocytes

Answer 30

cells produce melanin | between keratinocytes

Question 31

why should pregnant women not color their hair?

Answer 31

melanocytes travel | result in congenital disorder

Question 32

carotene

Answer 32

yellow pigment | gives skin yellowish tone

Question 33

where is melanocytes in layer of epithelium?

Answer 33

stratum basale

Question 34

what cells can make melanosomes?

Answer 34

melanocytes make melanosomes and give them to other cells

Question 35

dermis what type of tissue? more matrix or cells? what structures included?

Answer 35

``` connective tissue matrix: collagen, reticular fibers fibers stretch in different directions = skin bounces back hair follicles glands ```

Question 36

2 layers in dermis

Answer 36

papillary and reticular

Question 37

dermal papillae

Answer 37

makes fingerprints

Question 38

dermis: papillary layer has...

Answer 38

nerve endings and pain

Question 39

dermis: reticular layer is the...

Answer 39

deep 4/5 | responsible for cleavage lines

Question 40

cleavage (tension) lines

Answer 40

cuts that are not parallel take more time to heal | surgeons need to know

Question 41

subcutaneous tissue | types of cells?

Answer 41

``` Types of cells Fibroblasts Adipose cells Macrophages Also called Hypodermis Superficial fascia ```

Question 42

F: arrector pili (smooth muscle)

Answer 42

goosebumps = temperature regulation

Question 43

hair: 3 types of hair

Answer 43

lanugo, terminal hair, vellus

Question 44

hair: lanugo

Answer 44

birth

Question 45

hair: terminal hair

Answer 45

long, coarse, pigmented scalp eyebrows

Question 46

hair: vellus

Answer 46

short, fine, unpigmented

Question 47

hair bulb: matrix

Answer 47

source of hair

Question 48

sebaceous gland type of gland? function

Answer 48

holocine | oily secretion: prevents drying

Question 49

sweat gland | what type of gland?

Answer 49

merocrine

Question 50

ceruminous glands | what type of gland?

Answer 50

modified merocrine sweat glands

Question 51

earwax aka

Answer 51

cerument

Question 52

mammary glands | type of gland?

Answer 52

modified apocrine sweat glands

Question 53

1st degree burn

Answer 53

only epidermis

Question 54

2nd degree burn

Answer 54

epidermis and dermis

Question 55

3rd degree burn

Answer 55

epidermis, dermis and maybe hypodermis

Question 56

F: the rule of nines

Answer 56

estimates amount of body that is burned for an adult

Question 57

special scar: acne

Answer 57

sebaceous glands that become clogged => swollen pore

Question 58

special scar: Lichtenberg figures

Answer 58

person struck by lightening

Question 59

Rule of nines: adult vs child: similarity

Answer 59

upper limb 9%

Question 60

Rule of nines: Adult vs Child: Head, Lower limb

Answer 60

Adult: head (9%) and lower limb (18%) Child: head (15%) and lower limb (17%)

Question 61

Which layer of epidermis is missing in thin skin?

Answer 61

stratum lucidum

Question 62

Nail: white part of nail that grows out

Answer 62

free edge

Question 63

Nail: half moon shape

Answer 63

lunula

Question 64

Nail: extra skin on lunula

Answer 64

cuticle

Question 65

Nail: skin directly underneath free edge

Answer 65

hyponychium