Exam 1: Ch. 3

Question 1

ex. substance thru diffusion

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

what does water require to pass membrane?

Answer 2

aquaporin channels

Question 3

osmosis

Answer 3

water flows from high to low concentration

Question 4

4 differences btw cilia and flagella: number, type of cell, function, movement

Answer 4

Cilia: a lot, respiratory and reproductive system, moves substances over cell ex. dust and bacteria, ‘power stroke’
Flagella: 1, sperm, moves the entire cell, continuous motion

Question 5

hypertonic

Answer 5

more solute

Question 6

hypotonic

Answer 6

less solute

Question 7

microvilli

Answer 7

increase surface area to increase contact

Question 8

cholesterol

Answer 8

lipid makes membrane fluid

Question 9

protein in membrane

Answer 9

transfer substances in and out; recognition

Question 10

enzymes

Answer 10

digest food

Question 11

concentration gradient

Answer 11

cells naturally flow from high to low concentration

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

proteins that give cell shape ex. neurons

Question 13

structure and function of nucleus

Answer 13

S: nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, double membrane
F: nucleolus synthesis RNA

Question 14

structure and function of rER

Answer 14

S: network of vesicles
F: protein synthesis

Question 15

structure and function of sER

Answer 15

S: network of vesicles
F: makes lipids, detoxifies substances and stores minerals

Question 16

Structure and function of golgi

Answer 16

S: vesicles
F: process and packages substances from ER

Question 17

Structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 17

S: double membrane, cristae inside
F: produce ATP, cellular respiration

Question 18

structure and function of lysosome

Answer 18

S: single layered vesicle
F: digestive enzyme, recycling, phagocytosis

Question 19

structure and function of proteasome

Answer 19

S: large protein complexes
F: recycling

Question 20

structure and function of peroxisome

Answer 20

S: smaller than lysosomes
F: digest fatty acids, remove reactive oxygen

Question 21

structure and function of centrosome

Answer 21

S: made of 2 centrioles
F: cell division

Question 22

Structure and function of ribosome

Answer 22

S: RNA and protein, small unit and large unit
F: protein synthesis

Question 23

2 types of movement through membrane

Answer 23

diffusion, osmosis, mediated transport

Question 24

mediated transport: facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

passive but uses channels

Question 25

3 characteristics of mediated transport

Answer 25

specificity (for type of molecule), competition (similar shape), and saturation (rate)

Question 26

endocytosis: phagocytosis

Answer 26

cell eats small particles | ex. white blood cells

Question 27

endocytosis: pinocytosis

Answer 27

cell drinking molecules dissolved in liquid | ex. liver, kidneys

Question 28

endocytosis: receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 28

picks up cholesterol

Question 29

Where does RNA polymerase bind?

Answer 29

promoter region

Question 30

where does the RNA end?

Answer 30

terminator region

Question 31

of introns =

Answer 31

exons - 1

Question 32

function of introns

Answer 32

help regulate other gene production

Question 33

2 steps to posttranscriptional processing

Answer 33

1. remove introns | 2. put 5' cap and poly-a-tail

Question 34

4 steps for translation

Answer 34

1. small unit ribosome identifies mRNA 2. tRNA and fMET arrives. Big unit ribosome arrives. 3. Elongation 4. Termination at STOP codon

Question 35

diploid

Answer 35

2 copies of chromosomes

Question 36

haploid

Answer 36

1 copy of chromosomes | only in gametes

Question 37

5 characteristics of mitosis

Answer 37

1. somatic cells 2. produce 2 cells 3. identical daughter cells 4. no crossover 5. 1 phase

Question 38

6 characteristics of meiosis

Answer 38

1. germ cell 2. produce 4 cells 3. different daughter cells 4. crossover 5. reduction in # of chromosomes (23) 6. 2 phases

Question 39

congenital disorders

Answer 39

birth defects from teratogens

Question 40

oncogenes

Answer 40

genes assoc. w/ cancer; opposite of tumor suppressor genes

Question 41

tumor suppressor genes

Answer 41

opposite of oncogenes