Exam 3: Viruses Flashcards
- gram pos.
- rod shaped
- anaerobic
clostridium tetani
- spore forming bacteria
- description of disease by hippocrates exists from at least far back as 5BC
clostridium tetani
clostridium tetani produces a toxin called
tetanospasmin
when it comes to clostridium tetani, it has a potent neuotoxin (tetanospasmin) that is similar to
stychnine
tetanospasmin is the 2nd highest toxin known next to __ toxin from another Clostrium sp.
botulinum
tetanospasmin can lead to ___ failure
respiratory
clostridium tetani migrates through the __ __ system and then is transported to the __ ___ system
peripheral nervous, central nervous
clostridium tetani causes generalized contracions of the __ and __ musculature
agonist, antagonist
tetanic spasms can occur in a distinctive form called __ and be sufficiently severe to fracture long bones
opisthotonos
vaccines against tetanospasmin needs to be vaccinated every __ years
10
member of the orthmoyxoviridae family
influenza
- enveloped virus with 7 or 8 (-) ssRNA strands
- different strains are identified by 2 envelope proteins
influenza
type A influenza infects…? how many segments?
avian and mammals. 8 RNA segments
type B influenza infects..? how many segments?
humans and seals. 8 RNA segments
type C influenza infects..? how many segments?
humans and pigs. 7 RNA segments
major type A epidemics:
H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, H5N1,H5N7
caused spanish flu (1918) and swine flu (2009)
H1N1
caused Asian flu (1957)
H2N2
H3N2 caused what kind of flu?
Hong Kong flu
H5N1 caused what kind of flu?
bird flu
___ primarily an avian virus but has a very high mortality rate in humans (70%)
H5N1
H1N1 may have started in more than one location:
Haskell county, Kansas, Brest, France
bunyaviridae family
hantavirus
(-)ssRNA genome segmented
- 3 RNA strands
- ambisense
hantavirus
single stranded genome that contains both positive sense and negative sense
hantavirus
all bunyavinidae family members are transmitted by arthropods except for
hantavirus
member of the paramxoviridae family
measles
single -stranded, neg sense, enveloped RNA virus (-ssRNA)
measles
___ are the only natural hosts of the virus in measles
humans
mutation rate of the virus indicates the measles virus emerged from rinderpest virus as __ disease between 1100 to 1200 AD
zoonotic
who developed vaccine for measles
Maurice Hilleman
measles attack what cells?
immune
