Chapter 10 Questions

Question 1

___ reactions capture energy from the organisms’ energy source

Answer 1

catabolic

Question 2

___ is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell

Answer 2

metabolism

Question 3

___ reactions build new organic molecules from smaller inorganic and organic compounds

Answer 3

anabolic

Question 4

in themodynamic studies, energy changes are analyzed in a collection of matter called ___ . All other matter in the universe is called the ___

Answer 4

system, surrounding

Question 5

___ is the science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter

Answer 5

thermodynamics

Question 6

a reaction in which the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate is said to be at

Answer 6

equilibrium

Question 7

cells must efficiently transfer energy from their energy-trapping systems to the systems actually carrying out work and also used various metabolic processes to replace the energy used in doing work. this is called the __ ___

Answer 7

energy cycle

Question 8

in order for the cell to be able to input energy into necessary endergonic reactions, energy- generating processes such as photosynthesis, fermentation, and respiration are used to produce ___

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

disruption of an enzyme’s structure with loss of activity caused by extremes of pH, temp or other factors is called

Answer 9

denaturation

Question 10

a molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site and thereby alters the enzyme’s shape, making it inactive or less active is a(n) __ inhibitor

Answer 10

noncompetitve

Question 11

a molecule that binds noncovalently to an enzyme at the active site and thereby prevents a substrate from binding and reacting is a(n) ___ inhibitor

Answer 11

competitive

Question 12

the molecules formed by an enzyme- catalyzed reaction are called

Answer 12

products

Question 13

the reacting molecules in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called

Answer 13

subsrates

Question 14

the __ ___ is the substrate concentration needed for an enzyme to achieve half maximal velocity

Answer 14

michaelis constant (Km)

Question 15

a complex formed during a reaction that resembles both the substrates and the products i called the __ state complex

Answer 15

transition

Question 16

RNA molecules that have catalytic activity are known as

Answer 16

ribozymes

Question 17

cells carry out three major types of work; which involves the synthesis of macromolecules as well as the breakdown of substances for their energy

Answer 17

chemical work

Question 18

cells carry out three major types of work: which involves nutrient uptake and waste elimination

Answer 18

transport work

Question 19

cells carry out three major types of work; which involves energy for cell motility and the movement of structures within cells?

Answer 19

mechanical work

Question 20

T/F: energy can be redistributed within a collection of matter (system) or can be redistributed between the system and its surroundings

Answer 20

true

Question 21

a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system

Answer 21

entropy

Question 22

the __ law of thermodynamics state that energy can be neither created nor destroyed

Answer 22

first

Question 23

the __ law of thermodynamics states that physical and chemical processes occur in such a way that randomness (disorder) increases to a maximum

Answer 23

second

Question 24

the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1g of water from 14.5C to 15.5C is called a

Answer 24

calorie

Question 25

T/F: the numerical value of the free energy change indicates how fast a reaction will reach equilibrium

Answer 25

false

Question 26

___ is the total energy change that accompanies a chemical reaction

Answer 26

enthalpy

Question 27

the change in __ is the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work

Answer 27

free energy

Question 28

T/F: the most commonly used practical form of energy used in cells is adenosine disphospate

Answer 28

false

Question 29

a reaction that releases energy is ___

Answer 29

exergonic

Question 30

the standard reduction potential of a redox reaction is a measure of the tendency of __ to __ electrons

Answer 30

reductant; lose

Question 31

T/F: the equilbrium constant for a redox reaction is called the standard reduction potential

Answer 31

true

Question 32

T/F: some endergonic reactions can be made to proceed forward if they are coupled to hydroylsis of one or more of the phosphates of ATP

Answer 32

true

Question 33

an chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is

Answer 33

endergonic

Question 34

the __ is the electron acceptor in a redox reaction

Answer 34

oxidant

Question 35

the __ is the electron donor in a redox reaction

Answer 35

reductant

Question 36

T/F: the equilibrium constant for a redox reaction is called the standard reduction potential

Answer 36

true

Question 37

which of the following is used as an electron carrier by living organisms? A) NAD+ B) NADP+ C) ubiquinone D) all of the above

Answer 37

all of the above (D)