Chapter 10 Questions Flashcards
___ reactions capture energy from the organisms’ energy source
catabolic
___ is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell
metabolism
___ reactions build new organic molecules from smaller inorganic and organic compounds
anabolic
in themodynamic studies, energy changes are analyzed in a collection of matter called ___ . All other matter in the universe is called the ___
system, surrounding
___ is the science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter
thermodynamics
a reaction in which the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate is said to be at
equilibrium
cells must efficiently transfer energy from their energy-trapping systems to the systems actually carrying out work and also used various metabolic processes to replace the energy used in doing work. this is called the __ ___
energy cycle
in order for the cell to be able to input energy into necessary endergonic reactions, energy- generating processes such as photosynthesis, fermentation, and respiration are used to produce ___
ATP
disruption of an enzyme’s structure with loss of activity caused by extremes of pH, temp or other factors is called
denaturation
a molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site and thereby alters the enzyme’s shape, making it inactive or less active is a(n) __ inhibitor
noncompetitve
a molecule that binds noncovalently to an enzyme at the active site and thereby prevents a substrate from binding and reacting is a(n) ___ inhibitor
competitive
the molecules formed by an enzyme- catalyzed reaction are called
products
the reacting molecules in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called
subsrates
the __ ___ is the substrate concentration needed for an enzyme to achieve half maximal velocity
michaelis constant (Km)
a complex formed during a reaction that resembles both the substrates and the products i called the __ state complex
transition
RNA molecules that have catalytic activity are known as
ribozymes
cells carry out three major types of work; which involves the synthesis of macromolecules as well as the breakdown of substances for their energy
chemical work
cells carry out three major types of work: which involves nutrient uptake and waste elimination
transport work
cells carry out three major types of work; which involves energy for cell motility and the movement of structures within cells?
mechanical work
T/F: energy can be redistributed within a collection of matter (system) or can be redistributed between the system and its surroundings
true
a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system
entropy
the __ law of thermodynamics state that energy can be neither created nor destroyed
first
the __ law of thermodynamics states that physical and chemical processes occur in such a way that randomness (disorder) increases to a maximum
second
the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1g of water from 14.5C to 15.5C is called a
calorie
T/F: the numerical value of the free energy change indicates how fast a reaction will reach equilibrium
false
___ is the total energy change that accompanies a chemical reaction
enthalpy
the change in __ is the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work
free energy
T/F: the most commonly used practical form of energy used in cells is adenosine disphospate
false
a reaction that releases energy is ___
exergonic
the standard reduction potential of a redox reaction is a measure of the tendency of __ to __ electrons
reductant; lose
T/F: the equilbrium constant for a redox reaction is called the standard reduction potential
true
T/F: some endergonic reactions can be made to proceed forward if they are coupled to hydroylsis of one or more of the phosphates of ATP
true
an chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is
endergonic
the __ is the electron acceptor in a redox reaction
oxidant
the __ is the electron donor in a redox reaction
reductant
T/F: the equilibrium constant for a redox reaction is called the standard reduction potential
true
which of the following is used as an electron carrier by living organisms? A) NAD+ B) NADP+ C) ubiquinone D) all of the above
all of the above (D)
