Chapter 9 Questions

Question 1

who is usually credited with the discovery of penicillin

Answer 1

fleming

Question 2

whose discovery of streptomycin stimulated an intense search for other antibiotics

Answer 2

waksman

Question 3

the use of arsenic compound salvarsan as a treatment for syphilis is credited to

Answer 3

Ehrlich

Question 4

chemotherapeutic agents that are natural products of microorgranisms are most specifically referred to as

Answer 4

antibiotics

Question 5

who is generally credited with the discovery of sulfamilamide as a chemotherapeutic agent?

Answer 5

Gerhard Domagk

Question 6

___ ___ are activities of chemotherapeutic agent that damage the host either by inhibiting the same process in the host as in the target cell or by damaging other processes

Answer 6

side effects

Question 7

T/F: the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) is the lowest concentration of drug from which organisms fail to recover when removed from the drug

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T/F: agents that are static and therefore do not killing infecting microorganisms are not useful as chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 8

false

Question 9

a drug that disrupts a microbial function not found in animal cells usually has a higher therapeutic index

Answer 9

true

Question 10

inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 10

erythromycin

Question 11

likely to have the most toxic side effects to humans

Answer 11

disrupters of cell membrane structure

Question 12

isomiazid is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that

Answer 12

is one of the few drugs effective against Myobacterium tuberculosis

Question 13

chemotherapeutic agents that are chemically modified natural products of microorganisms are most specifically referred as

Answer 13

semi synthetic drugs

Question 14

chemotherapeutic agents that are artificially produced are most specifically referred to a

Answer 14

synthetic drugs

Question 15

the ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose is called

Answer 15

therapeutic index

Question 16

the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) is the __ concentration of a drug that __ particular pathogen

Answer 16

lowest, kills

Question 17

the lowest concentration of antibiotic that prevents growth is the

Answer 17

minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 18

list the desirable general characteristics of antimicorbial drugs

Answer 18

selective toxicity, broad-spectrum of activity, bacterial rather than bacteriostatic

Question 19

when a chemotherapeutic agent is effective against many different pathogens it is said to be what kind of antibiotic?

Answer 19

broad-spectrum

Question 20

T/F: in a disk diffusion assay for drug susceptibility, a drug producing a larger clear zone is always more effective than a drug than to one producing a smaller clear zone

Answer 20

false

Question 21

list the things that affects the size of the clear zone in a disk diffusion test of antimicrobial susceptibility:

Answer 21

the initial concentration of the drug, the solubility of the drug, the diffusion rate of the drug

Question 22

a quantitative antibiotic sensitivity test that utilize plastic strips impregnated with an antibiotic of interest

Answer 22

E Test

Question 23

T/F: when it comes to Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion test, bacteria used to swab the plate should be at least a week old

Answer 23

false

Question 24

T/F: penicillin does not inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 24

true

Question 25

the most selective antibacterial agents are those that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis. this is because:

Answer 25

bacterial cell walls hae a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells

Question 26

in addition to inhibiting the transpeptidation in cell wall synthesis, penicillins may have also destroy bacteria by

Answer 26

stimulating proteins to form holes in the plasma membrane