Exam 3 - Stem Cell Engineering Flashcards
Source of pluripotent stem cells.
Inner cell mass of blastocyst stage of embryo
True/False: Pluripotent stem cells are capable of integrating well when put back in blastocyst.
True
Various tissues that can be derived from the injection of embryonic stem cells.
Cartilage, bone, skin, nerves, gut, and respiratory lining.
Product of embryonic stem cells being injected into an embryo at a later stage/an adult due to cells not receiving proper cues for differentiation.
Teratomas
Various uses of ES cells.
Study disease mechanisms, test chemical compounds for use as therapeutic screening
Combines cloning methods with embryonic stem cell technology to produce cells which are custom-made for the patient.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCeNT)
General process of SCeNT.
Nucleus is transferred from somatic cell of patient and injected into oocyte of a donor. Blastocyte is generated forming a hybrid oocyte that can be used for ES cell isolation.
Issues pertaining to SCeNT
Requires egg, inefficient (i.e. could require hundreds of eggs), not available in many hospitals
Taking somatic cells from an adult and converting them to pluripotent stem cells.
Induced pluripotent stem
General process of induced pluripotent stem cells.
Somatic cells are reprogrammed by exposing the to transcription factors that induce genes from stemness
Five genes significant in induced pluripotent stem cells.
Kif4, Oct4, Sox4, Myc, Nanog.
Function of Kif4, Oct4, Sox4, Myc, and Nanog genes.
Up regulate ES cell genes/cell proliferation, loosen chromatin structure, and down regulate differentiation genes.
Some challenges of regenerative medicine and transplantation therapy.
Tissue/immune rejection and genetic and epigenetic deviations
Matrix of collagen and glycoaminoglycan made into a sheet lined with a thin membrane of silicone rubber on the outside.
Artificial matrix (i.e. used to repair skin of burn victims)
Cell type produced by inducing ES cells with reinoic acid and insulin, thyroid hormone.
Adipocyte
