Exam 2 - Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

What property of the cytoskeletal polymers allows for rapid assembly and disassembly?

A

Held together by weak noncovalent interactions

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2
Q

What cytoskeletal polymer catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

Actin

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3
Q

What cytoskeletal polymer catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP?

A

Microtubules

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4
Q

What cytoskeletal polymer does not catalyze the hydrolysis of a nucleotides?

A

Intermediate filaments

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5
Q

What cytoskeletal polymers are asymmetrical?

A

Actin and microtubules

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6
Q

What cytoskeletal polymer is symmetrical?

A

Intermediate filaments

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7
Q

General term for cytoskeletal filaments. Long linear strings of protein subunits that join end-to-end.

A

Protofilaments

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8
Q

Accessory proteins. Bind to polarized cytoskeletal filaments, use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move along the filament the are associated with.

A

Motor proteins

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9
Q

Initial aggregate of 3 actin monomers. Start of polymerization.

A

Nucleation

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10
Q

The change from growth to rapid shrinkage of a microtubule. Loss of GTP cap at plus end.

A

Catastrophe

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11
Q

The change from rapid shrinkage to growth of microtubule. Regain GTP cap at plus end.

A

Rescue

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12
Q

Phenomenon where the rate at which the subunits at the minus end are being removed is equal to the rate at which the subunits are being added at the plus end therefore maintaining an actin polymer with a constant length.

A

Treadmilling

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13
Q

What is the rate-limiting step in the formaiton of cytoskeletal filament?

A

Nucleation

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14
Q

Nucleoside hydrolysis by actin and tubulin are respnsible for what phenomena?

A

Treadmilling and dynamic instability

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15
Q

True/False: Actin monomers are microtubule subunits.

A

False, tubulin

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16
Q

What are some general functions of the cytoskeleton?

A

Organize the cell, cellular movement, mechanical strength, etc.

17
Q

How does a hereditary spherocytosis RBC differ than a normal RBC?

A

Spherical shape, 12 hour half-life, breaks from from shearing force, and can lead to anemia and death

18
Q

What is the monomer of actin?

A

Actin monomer

19
Q

What cytoskeletal filament functions in cell surface shape, locomotion, secretion, and endocytosis?

A

Actin

20
Q

What are the monomers of micrutubules?

A

Tubulin

21
Q

One end of a microtubule is often associated with what structure?

A

Centrosome

22
Q

What cytoskeletal filament functions in organelle organization, intracellular transport, and centrioles & mitotic spindle?

A

Microtubules

23
Q

What cytoskeletal filament functions in mechanical strength?

A

Intermediate filaments

24
Q

How are actin polymers and tubulin polymers similiar?

A

Both has a plus end/minus end, both have a T form and D form

25
Q

What can actin monomers bind?

A

ATP or ADP

26
Q

What can tubulin dimers bind?

A

GTP or GDP

27
Q

Treadmilling predominates in actin/tubulin meanwhile dynamic instability predominates in actin/tubulin.

A

Actin; Tubulin

28
Q

Keratins are an example of what cytoskeletal filament. Found in hair and nails.

A

Intermediate filaments