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COB - Cell/Molecular Biology > Exam 3 - Molecular Biology Experimental Methods > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Molecular Biology Experimental Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Chromatography, agarose beads in the column are studded with something like an antibody or metal that selectively attracts a single antigen.

A

Affinity chromatography

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2
Q

Chromatography, proteins binds to the column under high salt conditions and are eluted under low salt condition.

A

Hydrophobic chromatography

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3
Q

Chromatography, charged proteins stick to the column, proteins are eluted by changing the pH of the buffer.

A

Ion exchange chromatography

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4
Q

Chromatography, larger proteins elute faster than smaller proteins, proteins are separated by size.

A

Size exclusion chromatography

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5
Q

Four principles to consider when making a cell culture.

A

Food, shleter, climate control, and companionship.

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6
Q

Inability to make something essential for life.

A

Auxotrophy

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7
Q

Climate control factors to consider when making a cell culture.

A

Temperature, humidity, pH, oxygenation, and light.

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8
Q

General structure of antibody.

A

Y-shaped, 4 proteins (i.e. 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains), 4 disulfide bonds.

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9
Q

Type of environment required for creation of disulfide bond.

A

Oxidizing environment (i.e. ER lumen and peroxisomes in eukaryotes)

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10
Q

Larger part of antigen that interacts with antibody.

A

Epitope

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11
Q

Lab-produced antibody with ability to recognize multiple epitopes.

A

Polyclonal antibody

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12
Q

ELISA, single Ab binds the antigen and carries the signal.

A

Direct ELISA

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13
Q

ELISA, primary Ab binds antigen, secondary Ab binds primary and carriers signal.

A

Indirect ELISA

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14
Q

ELISA, both Ab bind antigen at different epitopes, capture Ab is absorbed to the well, primary Ab binds to antigen and carries the signal. (i.e. order goes capture Ab - antigen - primary Ab)

A

Sandwhich ELISA

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15
Q

ELISA, antigen presence is indicated by absence or decrease of signal, order of addition = Pure antigen - Primary Ab + Sample - Secondary Ab

A

Competition/Inhibition ELISA

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16
Q

Most selective column chromatography.

A

Affinity

17
Q

Least selective column chromatography

A

Size exclusion

18
Q

Chromatography, resin is something that specifically binds protein (i.e. antibody, metal).

A

Affinity

19
Q

Chromatography, resin is charged.

A

Ion exchange

20
Q

Chromatography, resin is hydrophobic.

A

Hydrophobic interaction

21
Q

Chromatography, resin is porous agarose beads.

A

Size exclusion

22
Q

Only blot that uses Ab

A

Western

23
Q

Blot that detects protein

A

Western

24
Q

Blot that detects DNA

A

Southern

25
Q

Blot that detects RNA

A

Northern

26
Q

Science of sequencing and the art of analysis of the genome of an individual for health related decision making.

A

Personal genomics

27
Q

What are the following examples of - Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), exome/genome sequencing?

A

Genetic tests

28
Q

Determines if an individual has an increased risk for a particular disease.

A

Predicitive genetic testing

29
Q

Determines if an individual has a genetic disease.

A

Diagnostic genetic testing

30
Q

Focused on new taxonomy of human disease based on molecular biology using informatics to prevent/treat disease.

A

Precision medicine

31
Q

Generally, how are genetic tests developed?

A

A small study group identifies a genetic variation associated with disease, a larger study is done to increase sensitivity and specificty of the test to meet FDA requirements.

32
Q

Objective is to ensure quality genetic lab testing. Certification requires regular training/calibration/reliability and accuracy of tests.

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)

33
Q

Identifies variations in an individual’s genetic makeup to determine whether a drug is suitable for that patient.

A

Pharmocogenomics (i.e. Warfarin)

34
Q

Significance of BRCA1 carrier.

A

55-65 percent chance of developing breast cancer by the age of 70.

35
Q

Significance oe BRAC2 carrier.

A

45 percent chance of developing breast cancer by the age of 70.

36
Q

When would one consider BRCA1/2 testing?

A

Family history - Multiple cases within the family. male breast cancer, or case in family member before 50.

37
Q

Noninvasive, alteration to colonoscopy, analysis of hypemethylated of CpG islands in gene-promoter regions associated with colon cancer.

A

Cologuard

38
Q

Ethical considerations for genetic testing.

A

Uncertainty of interpretations based on genotypic data alone, information can be used against individuals by insurance companies.

COB - Cell/Molecular Biology (12 decks)

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