Exam 3 - Cancer Flashcards
Characteristics of cancer cells.
Cell growth is out of control, does not need signals to grow, releases autocrine growth factor signals, ignores anti-growth signals, and ignores apoptosis signals.
Tumor, noninvasive.
Benign
Tumor, invasive (i.e. can invade surrounding tissues)
Malignant
Secondary tumors that are formed when cancer cells break loose and enter the blood or lymph.
Metastases
General progression of tumor development.
Cell is mutated, cell begins to proliferate more than normal cells, benign tumor forms, continued growth can lead to malignant tumor, metastases occurs.
Environmental examples that cause cancer.
Tobaco use and diet (i..e high fat/low fiber)
Viral causes of cancer.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)
Blood vessel formation, bloods vessels sprout from pre-existing blood vessels.
Angiogenesis
Gene, mutation results in overactivity, function is gained, dominant.
Oncogene
Gene, mutation results in underactivity, involves genes that normally inhibit the growth, recessive (i.e. two mutaitons required).
Tumor suppresor gene
Two types of tumor suppresor genes.
Proteins that normally restrict cell growth and proliferation and proteins that maintian integrity of genome.
Form of retinoblastoma, one mutation of Rb allele is inherited, tumor is seen in both eyes.
Hereditary
Form of retinoblastoma, two mutations of Rb gene required, seen in one eye.
Sportatic/Non-hereditary
Tumor suppressor gene, plays a role in cell cycle arrest/DNA repair/apoptosis/blockage of angiogenesis.
p53
Viral protein, papilloma virus, binds to Rb preventing E2F inhibition (i.e. overexpression of G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk).
E7
