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COB - Cell/Molecular Biology > Exam 3 - Neural Development > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Neural Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Part of neural development, genesis of neurons, development is independent, cells are unconnected.

A

Phase I

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2
Q

Part of neural development, axons and dendrites grow out, synapses are formed, growth is calculated and organized.

A

Phase II

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3
Q

Part of neural development, refinement of synaptic connections, continues into adult life

A

Phase III

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4
Q

Cell associated with neuron production due to its ability to provide nutrition and supporting frame work.

A

Glial cell

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5
Q

What part of the gastrula do neurons and glail cells derive from?

A

Ectoderm.

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6
Q

What part of the embryo is the CNS derived from?

A

Neural tube

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7
Q

What part of the embryo is the PNS derived from?

A

Neural crest

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8
Q

General describe the formation of the neural tube.

A

Derived from signle layer of epithelium, starts as neural groove on dorsal side of embryo, groove deepens creating neural folds, finally the folds meet forming the neural tube.

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9
Q

Center of the neural tube.

A

Neural canal

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10
Q

Signal that controls neuron differentiation via lateral inhibition and positive feedback.

A

Delta notch signaling

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11
Q

How do signal proteins secreted from ventral and dorsal side of neural tube cause neurons to expres different gene regulatory proteins?

A

Secrete opposing morphogens.

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12
Q

Morphogen secreted from dorsal side of neural tube, part of the TGF-Beta family.

A

Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)

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13
Q

Morphogen secreted from ventral side of neural tube.

A

Sonic Hedgehog protein

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14
Q

Where do the cells of the neural crest originate?

A

Dorsal end of neural tube.

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15
Q

Closing of the neural tube.

A

Neurulation

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16
Q

What are the various cell types generated from the neural crest?

A

Neurons and glial cells of PNS, ephinephrine-producing cells of adrenal gland, and skeletal and CT components of the head.

17
Q

What determines the fate of a neural crest cell?

A

Where it migrates to.

18
Q

What permits the migration of neuron during development?

A

Glial cells

19
Q

Irregulat, spikey enlargment found at the tips of axons and dendrites.

A

Growth cone

20
Q

Mechanism that permits the movement of axons and dendrites through surrounding tissues.

A

Growth cone crawling

21
Q

Proteins associated with one growth cone of a neuron that begin to migrate fast and form into the axon.

A

Axon-specific proteins

22
Q

What dictates the behavior of growth cones?

A

Cytoskeletal machinery

23
Q

What are the monomeric GTPases that control the assembly/disassembly of actin filaments that control the movement of growth cone?

A

Rho and Rac

24
Q

Two cues that growth cones use to migrate.

A

Extracellular matrix environment and chemotactic factors released from neighboring cells.

25
Q

Significant classes of receptors asspciated with growth cones and neuronal migration?

A

Immunoglobulin superfamily and Cadherin family

26
Q

Receive and relay information from sensory neurons in the periphery of the body.

A

Dorsal neurons

27
Q

Develop as motor neurons, send out axons that connect with specific subset of muscles.

A

Ventral clusters

28
Q

Found within intermediate locations, connects specific sets of nerves to each other.

A

Inter-neurons

29
Q

Chemotactic factor secreted from floor plate of neural tube. Attracts commissural neurons.

A

Netrin

30
Q

Chemotactic factors secreted from floor plate. Repel commissural neurons towards the brain.

A

Slit and Semaphorin

31
Q

Signals from target cells, regulate synapse formation and location of synapse formation.

A

Neurotrophic factors

32
Q

Receptor of nerve growth factor (NGF)

A

Tyrosine kinase

33
Q

Role of nerve growth facor (NGF).

A

Promotes survival of specific sensory neurons and sympathetic neurons.

34
Q

Short-term effects of nerve growth factor (NGF).

A

Growth cone and neurite extension

35
Q

Long-term effects of nerve growth factor (NGF)

A

Cell survival, mediation via receptor, taken up by cells via endocytosis, stimulate downstream signalling pathways.

36
Q

Channel, opens when netrin binds to its receptor.

A

TRPC or Transient receptor potential C

COB - Cell/Molecular Biology (12 decks)

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