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DEN 7111 Development > Exam 3 - Salivary Glands Colombo > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Salivary Glands Colombo Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized mucosa covers the:

A

Anterior 2/3 of the dorsal tongue

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2
Q

There are several types of ____ on the tongue, some of which contain taste buds

A

Papilla

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3
Q

Papilla are specialized:

A

Epithelial structures

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4
Q

What types of papillae are found on the tongue?

A
  • Filiform papillae
  • Fungiform papillae
  • Foliate papillae
  • Circumvallate papillae
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5
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • Majority, predominant in body of the tongue
  • no taste buds
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6
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • larger than filiform papillae
  • mostly at tip of tongue
  • taste buds on upper surface
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7
Q

Foliate papillae

A
  • along posterior sides of the tongue
  • not very prominent in adult humans
  • taste buds on sides in crypts
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8
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A
  • along the junction of the body and base of tonsillar area of the tongue
  • quite large
  • taste buds
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9
Q

Filiform has what kind of epithelium?

A

Keratinized epithelium

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10
Q

Most numerous type of papillae on the tongue

A

Filiform

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11
Q

Filiform papillae are used for:

A

Gripping food

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12
Q

Fungiform papillae have what kind of epithelium?

A

Nonkeratinized epithelium

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13
Q

Foliate papillae have what kind of epithelium?

A

Nonkeratinized epithelium

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14
Q

Circumvallate papillae have what kind of epithelium?

A

Keratinized epithelium

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15
Q

How many circumvallate papillae are usually there on the tongue?

A

Only 10-12 of them

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16
Q

Circumvallate papillae contain taste buds down in ___and are associated with ____ which are serous salivary glands that wash out the crypts

A

Crypts; von Ebner’s glands

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17
Q

What are taste buds?

A
  • specialized sensory cells, composed of a cluster of chemoreceptive spindle cells
  • mostly in papillae but some around soft palate/pharynx
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18
Q

Taste buds are a ____ shaped structure

A

Barrel

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19
Q

Where do the apical ends of taste buds terminate?

A

Just below the surface in the taste pit

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20
Q

The taste pit communicates with the surface through the ____

A

Taste pore

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21
Q

Where do different taste signals come from?

A

From binding different receptors, which trigger various signaling cascades

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22
Q

True or false: there are distinct regions for different tastes

A

False - no distinct structural regions for different tastes, likely due to distribution of receptor expression

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23
Q

What is the major secretion of the oral cavity?

A

Saliva

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24
Q

Saliva functions

A
  1. Lubricates the mouth via mucous secretion
  2. Buffering: bicarbonate, phosphate ions protect the teeth against demineralization
  3. Digestion: begins digestion of carbohydrates via salivary amylase in serous secretion
  4. Protection: washing action for bacteria and sugars, helps prevent infection
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25
Q

Saliva contains ____ which begins the process of digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth

A

Salivary amylase/a-amylase

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26
Q

Saliva contains ____ which help prevent infections

A
  • lactoferrin
  • lysozyme
  • defensins
  • transport IgA
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27
Q

Three major pairs of salivary glands

A
  • parotid glands
  • submandibular glands
  • sublingual glands
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28
Q

Parotid gland secretion is mostly

A

Serous

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29
Q

Submandibular gland secretion is mostly

A

Serous but some mucous

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30
Q

Sublingual gland secretion is mostly

A

Mucous (but is mixed secretions)

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31
Q

There are some minor salivary glands scattered everywhere throughout the oral cavity, such as:

A
  • tongue (Von Ebner’s glands)
  • palate
  • lining mucosa
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32
Q

Salivary glands consist of:

A

Epithelial cells held together in a structure by connective tissue

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33
Q

Where are the epithelial cells found in salivary glands?

A

in the main secretory component; lines the ducts that carry the saliva

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34
Q

What is the function of connective tissue in the salivary glands?

A

Holds epithelial components in place and forms them into a discrete gland

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35
Q

Salivary gland development is analogous to the development of ____

A

Teeth (epithelium invades underlying ectomesenchymal tissue)

invading epithelium branches multiple times before forming secretory machinery

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36
Q

What is the main distinction between different salivary glands?

A

Whether they contain mucous or serous secreting cells

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37
Q

_____ secrete mucous

A

Mucous cells

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38
Q

Serous cells secrete:

A

Thinner, protein rich fluid

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39
Q

Serous secreting cells stain _____ than mucous cells due to the ____

A

darker; higher protein content

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40
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid gland

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41
Q

The parotid glands secrete ____ of passive saliva volume

A

25%

42
Q

What does ‘passive” mean regarding passive secretion?

A

Background salivation, not directly stimulated

43
Q

Parotid gland secretes ____ almost exclusively

A

Serous

44
Q

The parotid gland secretes what digestive enzyme?

A

a-amylase (salivary amylase)

45
Q

Which salivary gland particularly contributes during active salivation?

A

Parotid gland (50%)

46
Q

The parotid gland uses the ____ to secrete into the oral cavity

A

Stenson’s duct

47
Q

Submandibular gland is located:

A

Beneath the floor of the mouth

48
Q

True or false: the submandibular gland is a mixed gland

A

True

49
Q

The submandibular gland is a mixed gland that produces more ___ than ___

A

More serous secretion than mucous

50
Q

The serous secretion of the submandibular gland contains ____ and the mucous secretion contains ____

A

Amylase; mucin

51
Q

The submandibular gland has a big contribution to _____ salivary volume

A

Background

52
Q

The submandibular gland uses the ___ to enter the oral cavity at the _____

A

Wharton’s duct; sublingual caruncle

53
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located?

A

Beneath the tongue

54
Q

Smallest salivary gland

A

Sublingual gland

55
Q

The sublingual gland produces ___ secretion

A

Mixed (more mucous than serous)

56
Q

The sublingual gland is associated with what ducts?

A
  • Ducts of Rivinus
  • Duct of Bartholin
57
Q

The ducts of Rivinus drain into:

A

areas around the floor of the oral cavity

58
Q

The Duct of Bartholin (largest) drains into

A

Sublingual caruncle

59
Q

Salivary gland structure/how secretions are pushed out

A
  • series of branched ducts which have secretory, contractile end pieces
  • saliva is deposited at one end, flows through duct system, modified at various points, and is pushed out into the oral cavity
60
Q

__ cells are mixed in with the secretory cells to contract and push saliva out

A

Myoepithelial cells

61
Q

The end product of saliva is ____ and contains ____

A

Hypotonic; grip of enzymes and bicarbonate

62
Q

Saliva is produced and passes through structures in this order:

A
  • Acinus
  • Intercalated duct
  • striated duct
  • interlobular (excretory duct)
  • Main excretory duct
63
Q

Acinus

A

Berry in latin. the secretory part (serous, mucous, or both)

64
Q

Intercalated duct

A

Moves secretions from acini to striated duct

65
Q

Striated duct function

A
  • Reabsorption of electrolytes
  • preservation of salivary volume
66
Q

Interlobular (excretory) duct function

A

Conduit to move saliva along

67
Q

Main excretory duct function

A

Deposits saliva into oral cavity

68
Q

Nervous system initiation of salivary secretion involves:

A
  • afferent stimulation of CN 7 and 9 along with higher centers (visual and olfactory processing)
  • efferent activation via parasympathetic CN 7 and 9; sympathetic input from cervical ganglion
69
Q

Parasympathetic ____ salivary volume

A

Increases

70
Q

Sympathetic ____ mucous and protein secretion

A

Increases

71
Q

Mixed acini often contains:

A

Serous demilunes (appear moon shaped due to histological presentation)

72
Q

What are acini and what do they produce?

A
  • Little groups of serous cells that are interspersed with mucous secreting cells
  • produce lot of proteins, lots of secretory machinery
73
Q

Proteins in the saliva such as lysozyme and amylase can:

A

Disrupt viral capsules and bacterial cell walls

74
Q

Acinus mechanism of salivary secretion

A
  • Ach activates mass release of calcium in the acinar cells
  • Calcium current causes chloride channels to open
  • chloride floods into the lumen
  • Aquaporins open up simultaneously to allow passive transport of water from the cell into the lumen
  • chloride increasing in the lumen causes sodium and water to leak across tight junctions
  • flow of sodium increases water moving through aquaporins
75
Q

During salivary secretion, saliva flows first into ____ and then onto ____

A

Intercalated ducts; striated ducts

76
Q

____ ducts have simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Intercalated ducts

77
Q

Intercalated ducts are associated with the acini of:

A

Pancreas and salivary glands

78
Q

True or false: intercalated ducts contribute a lot to secretion

A

False

79
Q

____ ducts have simple columnar epithelium

A

Striated

80
Q

Striated ducts are more specific to ____ and modify the saliva by secreting ____ and absorbing ____

A

salivary glands; bicarbonate; Na+ and Cl-

81
Q

Collectively, the intercalated ducts and striated ducts are known as:

A

Intralobar ducts (they are collecting saliva from lobules of the same lobe)

82
Q

What happens to saliva before it is secreted into the oral cavity?

A
  • sodium is reclaimed via active transport in the striated duct
  • chloride also recovered
  • inward flow of potassium
  • bicarbonate added
83
Q

Bicarbonate importance

A

Buffers the oral environment

84
Q

Saliva is ____ compared to plasma due to the loss of _____

A

Hypotonic; NaCl

85
Q

The junctions along the striated duct are:

A

Water impermeable

86
Q

What happens to salivary flow during sleep?

A

Reduced but not stopped

87
Q

Salivary flow rate is approximately ____ unstimulated. During sleep it is ____. During active secretion it can increase to ____

A

0.3-0.4 ml/min; 0.1 ml/min; 2-5 ml/min

88
Q

Unstimulated, most of the saliva comes from the:

A

Submandibular gland

89
Q

Stimulated, the _____ gland becomes the major contributor and contains a lot of _____

A

Parotid; bicarbonate

90
Q

Salivary pellicle

A

Coating of salivary components on the tooth surface, including bicarbonate, glycoproteins, proteins

91
Q

Salivary pellicle is also called:

A

Acquired pellicle

92
Q

Proteins of the salivary pellicle - function

A

Antimicrobial properties that can make enamel less vulnerable to acid attack

93
Q

Saliva is rich in _____ which aids in mineralization

A

Calcium and phosphate ions

94
Q

What can disrupt the salivary pellicle?

A

Prophy cleaning

95
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

96
Q

Xerostomia deprives the tooth of the:

A

Protective salivary pellicle and buffering capacity

97
Q

Xerostomia increases the risk of

A

More loss of mineralized tissues

98
Q

With age there is a gradual loss of ___ acinar cells

A

30-60%

99
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

Autoimmune disease where lymphocytes invade the salivary gland and destroy epithelial cells

100
Q

Tx for dry mouth

A
  • sipping water constantly
  • artificial saliva
  • parasympathetic stimulating drugs to increase flow

DEN 7111 Development (19 decks)

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