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DEN 7111 Development > Exam 3 - Dentin Pulp Complex II Colombo > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Dentin Pulp Complex II Colombo Flashcards

1
Q

Primary cell type of dental pulp

A

Fibroblasts, followed by odontoblasts

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2
Q

Dental pulp arises from:

A

Dental papilla (ectomesenchymal tissue)

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3
Q

Function of dental pulp

A
  • support structures for the mineralized components of the tooth
  • contains blood vessels, innervation, fibroblasts, pool of immune cells, pool of progenitor cells for replacement and repair
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4
Q

4 histological zones of dental pulp (from outer to inner)

A
  1. odontoblast layer
  2. cell free zone of Weil
  3. Cell rich (Cell dense zone)
  4. Pulp core
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5
Q

Describe the dental pulp ECM

A
  • soft connective tissue matrix
  • comprised of collagen III and I
  • numerous non-collagenous proteoglycans and glycoproteins
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6
Q

What happens with dental pulp ECM with age?

A

Collagen content increases, fibrils aggregate into larger bundles (greatest concentration apically)

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7
Q

What is found in the ground substance of the pulp?

A
  • proteoglycans (GAG chains)
  • glycoproteins
  • water
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8
Q

What proteoglycans are found in the pulp?

A
  • chondroitin-6-sulfate
  • chondroitin-4-sulfate
  • heparin sulfate
  • dermatan sulfate
  • keratan sulfate
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9
Q

Describe the structure of odontoblasts

A
  • polarized cells
  • elongated nucleus at the pulpal side of the cell
  • secretory components (golgi) towards dentinal side
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10
Q

In the crown, odontoblasts are _____ compared to the root where they are ____

A

Larger and more columnar; more cuboidal

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11
Q

Odontoblasts form a discrete layer of cells held together by:

A

Adherens junctions/junctional complexes

gives a degree of permeability to the OD layer - serum proteins may pass

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12
Q

Odontoblasts can form gap junctions with:

A

Pulpal fibroblasts

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13
Q

Function of odontoblasts

A
  • Creation and maintenance of dentin; supported by the rest of the pulp
  • production/secretion of collagen and non-collagenous proteins
  • production/sequestration of key growth factors in dentin matrix
  • release of secretory vesicles from the OD process
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14
Q

What growth factors are produced/sequestered by odontoblasts?

A
  • VEGF
  • TGF B1
  • BMP-2
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15
Q

Odontoblasts form _____ throughout their lifetime

A

peritubular dentin

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16
Q

Describe aged odontoblasts

A
  • fewer organelles
  • less secretory activity
  • nucleus somewhat more central
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17
Q

OD turnover: assumed to be _____, can be replaced from _____

A

Long lived; can be replaced from mesenchymal progenitor pool

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18
Q

Where are fibroblasts found in the dentin-pulp complex?

A

Pulp core, cell rich zone

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19
Q

Fibroblasts function in dentin-pulp complex

A

produce and maintain the supportive matrix of the pulpal tissue

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20
Q

The pulpal matrix supports:

A
  • progenitor cells
  • immune cells
  • vasculature
  • lymph
  • nervous tissues
21
Q

______ may have a role in facilitating mesenchymal progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation

A

Fibroblasts

22
Q

Where are mesenchymal progenitor cells found?

A

Dental pulp

23
Q

In response to damage to dentin, ____ are recruited to form new odontoblast-like cells

A

dental pulp progenitor cells

involved in reparative dentin formation

24
Q

What immune cells are present in the dental pulp?

A
  • Macrophages (innate immunity)
  • dendritic cells (acquired immunity)
  • T and B lymphocytes
25
Q

Healthy pulp has a key role in:

A

Cell turnover and clearance; involved in immune response via IL-1B, TNFa

26
Q

Where are dendritic cells found in the pulp?

A

Under odontoblast layer

27
Q

Dendritic cells are closely associated with ____ of the pulp to coordinate tissue responses

A

Neuronal/vascular components

28
Q

When would T and B lymphocytes primarily be found in pulp?

A

When there is an infection

29
Q

Pulp vasculature arises from:

A
  • external carotid arteries
  • superior/inferior alveolar arteries
30
Q

There are ____ arterioles per root that access the pulp through the ____ and spread upwards into the coronal pulp

A

4-8; apical foramen

31
Q

Progression of vascular supply to the dental pulp

A
  • Arterioles, capillaries, venules
  • arterioles branch, anastomose to venules in capillary plexi located in cell free zone below odontoblasts
  • venules leave apical foramen, connect to superior/inferior alveolar veins –> internal jugular vein
32
Q

Where is the capillary network found in the pulp?

A

In the cell free zone (during primary dentin formation, present in odontoblast layer)

33
Q

As arterioles proceed into the pulp, ____ increases, ____ decreases

A

Caliber; vessel wall

34
Q

Dental pulp is highly innervated by nerves which enter through ____ and in close contact with ____

A

Apical foramen; blood vessels

35
Q

Nerve fibers branch out through the coronal pulp, forming the:

A

Plexus of Raschkow

not found in the root pulp! only branches of nerve fibers

36
Q

Incoming nerve fibers of the pulp consist of:

A
  • afferent nerves from CN 5
  • sympathetic branches from superior cervical ganglion (controls blood flow)
37
Q

Functions of nerve fibers in the pulp

A
  • control blood flow
  • nociception
  • immune response?
38
Q

Sensory innervation of dentin: nerve bundles consist of both -

A

Myelinated ‘A-delta’ and unmyelinated “C” axons

39
Q

Does myelination increase/stay the same/decrease as fibers proceed towards the coronal pulp?

A

Decreases

40
Q

A minority of unmyelinated axons pass into:

A

dentinal tubules closely associated with odontoblasts

41
Q

What happens to dental pulp progenitor cells in diseases pulp?

A

Repair function is unpaired

42
Q

Pulp is responsive to external stimuli through:

A

All cell types operating together

43
Q

What are the proposed models of how dentin sensitivity occurs?

A
  1. direct innervation (nerves in some tubules but minority)
  2. Odontoblast nociception (anatomically do not synapse extensively with pulpal nerves, but gap junctions exist)
  3. Tubule fluid conductance
44
Q

Pulp stones are:

A

Mineralized tissue formed inappropriately in the pulp

45
Q

Pulp stones can be:

A
  • free
  • surrounded by soft pulp tissue
  • attached/bound to dentin
  • embedded in secondary dentin
46
Q

Pulp stones can occur around:

A

Collagen fibers, dead cell aggregates/thrombi

47
Q

Pulp stone effects

A

can grow large enough to compress pulp and make debridement difficult

48
Q

Age related changed in pulp

A
  • recession due to 2ndary dentin formation
  • cell aging, reduction in cell response to stimuli
  • decrease in pulp permeability (more brittle teeth)
  • loss of nerve axons and decrease in sensitivity
  • dystrophic calcification in central pulp

DEN 7111 Development (19 decks)

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