Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEN 7111 Development > Exam 2 10/9 Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves and Pouches > Flashcards

Exam 2 10/9 Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves and Pouches Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of pharyngeal grooves and pouches are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharyngeal membranes

A

Membrane between ectoderm of groove and endoderm of pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are lined with:

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ is the only cleft normally not obliterated in development

A

Cleft 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cleft _____ can persist in abnormal situations

A

2-4
little spaces can persist and collect debris, can get infected, become fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does fusion occur in the palate?

A

Involves breakdown of actual epithelium and the merging of connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abnormal structures formed when clefts remain

A
  1. cysts
  2. sinus
  3. fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cervical sinus can form in:

A

The neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharyngeal cleft 1 gives rise to:

A

External auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharyngeal anomaly in cleft 1

A

Congenital auricular sinuses (pits) and cysts in triangular area of skin anterior to the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a cyst?

A

sealed cavity filled with air, pus, fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a sinus?

A

Cavity within a tissue, can open externally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Abnormal connection between 2 structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pharyngeal anomalies can occur from Cleft 2?

A

Branchial sinuses, cysts, fistulas
- lateral cervical and internal branchial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lateral cervical cyst/fistula

A

Uncommon, open externally in the neck
Caused by failure of second groove/cervical sinus to obliterate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Internal branchial fyst/fistula

A

Rare persistent second pouch, opens into intratonsillar cleft (into pharynx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Region of lateral cervical cysts and fistulas

A

Anteriorly along length of SCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do you have if a lateral cervical cyst is continuous with the outside of the neck?

A

External branchial fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are lined with

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Whereas clefts are mostly obliterated, pouches:

A

turn into things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Distal aspect of first pharyngeal pouch forms:

A
  • tympanic membrane together with 1st cleft
  • widens and forms tympanic cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Proximal aspect of 1st pharyngeal pouch forms:

A

auditory tube (stays narrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ossicles are derived from:

A

Neural crest 1st and 2nd arch cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Second pharyngeal pouch gives rise to:

A

lining of crypts in the palatine tonsils (epithelium that is continuous with lining of mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tonsils mostly composed of:

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A
27
Q

Third pharyngeal pouch forms:

A

Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

28
Q

Dorsal wing of third pharyngeal pouch

A

Inferior parathyroid glands

29
Q

Ventral wing of third pharyngeal pouch

A

Thymus

30
Q

Function of parathyroid glands

A

Regulate body calcium and phosphate levels, secretes calcitonin

31
Q

Thymus function

A

Produces T cells

32
Q

True or false: thyroid forms from pharyngeal arches

A

False

33
Q

Fourth pharyngeal pouch forms:

A

Superior parathyroid gland, ultimobranchial body

34
Q

Dorsal wing of fourth pharyngeal pouch forms:

A

Superior thyroid glands

35
Q

Ventral wing of fourth pharyngeal pouch

A

Ultimobranchial body

36
Q

What is the ultimobranchial body

A

Embryonic structure that contains c-cells of thyroid (calcitonin)

37
Q

Describe migration of thymus

A

Mid 6th week - lateral to thyroid
7 weeks - migrated inferior /start to change shape and fuse
Parathyroids/ultimobranchial body associated with thyroid

38
Q

Abnormalities resulting from defects in migration

A
  1. cervical thymus
  2. accessory thymus (mostly not active)
39
Q

Typically benign anatomical abnormalities

A
  1. Undescended parathyroid gland
  2. Accessory thymic tissue
  3. Persistent cord of thymic tissue
  4. Ectopic inferior parathyroid gland
40
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome deletion

A

22q11.2

41
Q

DiGeorge syndrome results from:

A
  • failure of 3rd/4th pouches to differentiate into thymus/parathyroid
42
Q

Symptoms of DiGeorge

A
  1. cardiac abnormality (tetralogy of fallot - hypertrophy in right ventrical)
  2. thymic aplasia
  3. cleft palate
  4. hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism
43
Q

How does arch 1 contribute to tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue epithelium

44
Q

How does arch 2 contribute to tongue?

A

Covered up as arch 3 portion grows

45
Q

How does arch 3 contribute to tongue?

A

Forms most of the remaining 1/3 of tongue epithelium

46
Q

How does arch 4 contribute to tongue?

A

Forms just a bit of tongue at the very back of the throat

47
Q

___ gives rise to tongue muscles

A

Occipital somites

48
Q

Palatoglossus muscle

A

Derived from arch 4

49
Q

CN V innervation to tongue

A

Sensory anterior 2/3

50
Q

CN VII innervation to tongue

A

Taste Anterior 2/3

51
Q

CN IX innervation to tongue

A

Sensory and taste to posterior 1/3

52
Q

CN X innervation to tongue

A

Sensory, just a bit by throat

53
Q

CN 12 innervation to tongue

A

Tongue muscles

54
Q

Development of tongue

A
  • lateral swellings of first arch fuse and grow out
  • copula covered as third arch grows
  • fourth arch forms base of tongue
  • sulcus terminalis separates anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3, points to foramen cecum
55
Q

Thyroid forms from ___ posterior to ____

A

endodermal diverticulum; floor of 1st arch

56
Q

True or false: thyroid is a midline structure

A

True

57
Q

What does thyroid diverticulum do

A

Elongates into thyroglossal duct, obliterated later in development

58
Q

Where does thyroglossal duct connect with tongue

A

Foramen cecum

59
Q

Where does thyroid migrate to

A

Anterior of trachea

60
Q

Function of thyroid gland

A

Regulates metabolism, sensitivity to hormones, etc

61
Q

Pathway of descent for thyroid gland

A
  1. foramen cecum
  2. past epiglottis
  3. past hyoid bone
  4. past thyroid cartilage
  5. just inferior to cricoid cartilage
62
Q

Thyroglossal duct cysts/sinuses caused by

A

Failure of thyroglossal duct to completely pinch off and degenerate

63
Q

Thyroglossal cysts/sinuses mostly seen by/symptoms

A
  • 5 years old
  • asymptomatic unless infected
  • midline, painless, moveable neck mass
64
Q

Ectopic thyroid

A

Lingual, thyroid usually not in the right place
commonly associated with hypothyroidism
5x more common in females

DEN 7111 Development (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions