Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEN 7111 Development > Exam 3 - Periodontium Davenport > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Periodontium Davenport Flashcards

1
Q

Periodontium - define

A

tissues supporting and investing the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Periodontium consists of:

A
  • cementum
  • periodontal ligament
  • bone lining the alveolus socket
  • part of the gingiva facing the tooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The periodontium tissues form a specialized fibrous joint called ____ and are thought to be of ____ origin

A

Gomphosis; ectomesenchymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cementum - define

A

Hard, avascular connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cementum is classified according to:

A

Presence or absence of cells within its matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acellular cementum

A

Provides attachment for the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cellular cementum

A

Adaptive role in response to tooth wear and movement and is associated with repair and regeneration of periodontal tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The composition of cementum is similar to that of __________, where proteins unique to cementum have yet to be confirmed

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cementum is made up of ___% hydroxyapatite and ___% collagen/noncollagenous matrix?

A

45-50% hydroxyapatite (inorganic); 50% collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins (organic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ constitutes up to 90% of the organic components of cementum

A

Type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the other types of collagen that are associated with cementum (besides type 1 collagen)?

A
  • type III
  • type XII collagen
  • Trace amounts of other collagens, including type V and type XIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two apparently different/unique cementum molecules?

A
  • an adhesion molecule (cementum attachment protein)
  • a growth factor (insulin-like growth factor) have been identified

functions of both unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin appear to be specific to mineralized tissues, except for _____

A

Enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Noncollagenous proteins identified in cementum also are associated with _________

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During cementum formation, _______ is believed to send an inductive message, possibly by secreting some enamel proteins, to the facing ______ cells

A

HERS; Ectomesenchymal pulp (dental papilla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ectomesenchymal cells that receive inductive messages from HERS differentiate into odontoblasts and produce a layer of ___________ which comes into contact with ______

(in cementum formation)

A

Predentin; Ectomesenchymal cells from the inner portion of the dental follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of cementum is formed first?

A

Acellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acellular cementum covers approximately the _________________ of the root

A

Cervical 1/3-1/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The acellular cementum is formed before the tooth reaches _____

A

The occlusal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the range of thickness of the acellular cementum?

A

30-230 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What comprises most of the structure of acellular cementum?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is cellular cementum formed?

A

After tooth reaches occlusal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which is more irregular, acellular or cellular cementum?

A

Cellular cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cellular cementum contains cells in lacunae that communicate with each other through a system of __________________

A

Anastomosing canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What type of cementum is less calcified?

A

Cellular cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Both acellular cementum and cellular cementum are arranged in lamellae separated by _____ parallel to the long axis of the root

A

Incremental lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Incremental lines in cementum are also known as:

A

Resting lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Resting lines of cementum represent:

A

rest periods in cementum formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Resting lines of cementum are more or less mineralized than adjacent cementum?

A

More

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Loss of the ____________ of the reduced enamel epithelium at the time of tooth eruption may place portions of mature enamel in contact with the connective tissue

A

cervical part

(will deposit over it an acellular afibrillar type of cementum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the two sources of collagen fibers in cementum?

A
  • Sharpey’s (extrinsic) fibers
  • fibers that belong to the cementum matrix per se (intrinsic) and are produced by the cementoblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sharpey’s (extrinsic) fibers, which are the embedded portion of the principal fibers of the PDL, are formed by _______

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

fibers that belong to the cementum matrix per se (intrinsic), are produced by the ________

A

Cementoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cementocytes dwell in __________

A

Lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cementocytes connect together by _____ extending through a system of interconnected canals within the cementum.

A

Cytoplasmic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cementum is thicker towards the __________

A

Root apex (150-200 µm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cementum is thinner near the ______________

A

Enamel (20-50 microns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

acellular afibrillar cementum is limited to the ___________ enamel surface

A

Cervical (occurs as spurs extending from acellular extrinsic fiber cementum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

___________________, which becomes the principal tissue of attachment, extends from the cervical margin of the tooth and covers two thirds of the root and often more

A

Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Cellular cementum is confined to what areas or what teeth?

A

Apical third and interradicular regions of premolar and molar teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

True/False: Cellular cementum is often absent from single-rooted teeth, which suggests its presence is not essential for tooth support.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Can fibrillar cementum varieties overlap?

A

Yes

43
Q

Cementum formed during periodontal wound healing appears to be __________ in nature

A

Cellular

44
Q

Is cementum deposited throughout life?

A

Yes, it is a continuous process that occurs at varying rates throughout life

45
Q

Cementum formation is most rapid in the _______________, where it compensates for _____ which itself compensates for attrition.

A

Apical regions; tooth eruption

46
Q

Cementum terminates at the commencement of the _____________ portion of the tooth

A

Enamel

47
Q

What are the different ways in which the cementum and enamel can meet in the CEJ?

A
  • butt joint (30%)
  • gap between cementum and enamel (10%)
  • cementum overlaps enamel (60%)
48
Q

The _____ is the part of the jaw bone/mandible that houses the teeth

A

Alveolar process

49
Q

Inner lining of tooth socket is called:

A

Alveolar bone proper

50
Q

Alveolar process consists of:

A
  • external plate of cortical bone
  • alveolar bone proper
  • Cancellous trabeculae, between these two compact layers, which act as supporting alveolar bone
51
Q

Portion of jaw located apically but unrelated to the teeth

A

Basal bone

52
Q

The bone __________ in the mandible in general are much thicker than in the maxillary bone

A

Lamellae

53
Q

In areas where bone is very thin, the _____ of the supporting alveolar bone are in contact with the alveolar bone proper with no intervening spongy bone. _____ in these areas are common.

A

Cortical plates; Bone defects

54
Q

What is the soft, specialized connective tissue situated between the cementum covering the root of the tooth and the bone forming the socket wall?

A

Periodontal ligament

55
Q

As you age, the PDL becomes:

A

Thinner

56
Q

Function of PDL

A
  • support teeth in sockets
  • withstand considerable forces of mastication (adapt to lifestyle)
57
Q

Besides the attachment of teeth to bone, what other function of the PDL is important?

A

Acting as sensory receptor

58
Q

The PDL acts as a sensory receptor, which is necessary for:

A

proper positioning of the jaws during normal function.

59
Q

All 4 functions of PDL

A
  • physical (holding tooth)
  • formative and remodeling
  • nutritional
  • sensory
60
Q

Cells of the periodontal ligament participate in the formation and resorption of _____ and _____

A

Cementum and bone

61
Q

The periodontal ligament is constantly undergoing _______

A

remodeling

62
Q

There is a very high turnover rate of ____ in the PDL

A

Collagen
(x2 faster turnover of collagen than gingiva and x4 faster than the skin)

63
Q

What do cells of the periodontal ligament participate in the formation/resorption of?

A

cementum and bone

64
Q

How does the periodontal ligament supply nutrients to the cementum, bone, and gingiva?

A

by way of the blood vessels and provides lymphatic drainage

65
Q

What are the 4 types of neural termination in the PDL?

A
  • free endings
  • Ruffini-like mechanoreceptors
  • Meissner’s corpuscles
  • Spindle-like pressure and vibration endings
66
Q

What theory of tooth support ascribes the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament the major responsibility in supporting the tooth and transmitting forces to the bone?

A

Tensional theory

67
Q

What theory of tooth support considers the displacement of the tooth to be largely controlled by fluid movements, with fibers having only a secondary role?

A

Viscoelastic system theory

68
Q

What are the predominant collagen types found in the PDL?

A
  • Type I
  • Type III
  • Type XII
69
Q

What do collagen fibrils in the PDL arranged in bundles resemble?

A

resembles a spliced rope

(individual strands can be remodeled continually, whereas the overall fiber maintains its architecture and function)

70
Q

What allows for fiber bundles in the PDL to adapt to the continual stresses placed on them?

A

individual strands can be remodeled continually, whereas the overall fiber maintains its architecture and function

71
Q

What collagen fibril bundles in the PDL represent the principal fiber bundles?

A

Bundles running between the tooth and bone

72
Q

Where are the alveolar crest group of principal fiber bundles attached?

A

attached to the cementum just below the cementoenamel junction and running downward and outward to insert into the rim of the alveolus

73
Q

Where are the horizontal group of principal fiber bundles attached?

A

just apical to the alveolar crest group and running at right angles to the long axis of the tooth from cementum to bone just below the alveolar crest

74
Q

Where are the oblique group of principal fiber bundles attached?

A

Running from the cementum in an oblique direction to insert into bone coronally

75
Q

What are the most numerous type of principal fiber bundles in the PDL?

A

Oblique group of principal fiber bundles

76
Q

Where are the apical group of principal fiber bundles attached?

A

radiating from the cementum around the apex of the root to the bone, forming the base of the socket

77
Q

Where are interradicular group of principal fiber bundles attached?

A

only between the roots of multirooted teeth and running from the cementum into the bone, forming the crest of the interradicular septum

78
Q

Where are the transseptal group of principal fiber bundles attached?

A

extends from the cementum of one tooth across the interdental septum to the cementum of an adjacent tooth

79
Q

What are the three types of “elastic fibers”?

A
  • Elastin
  • Oxytalan
  • Elaunin
80
Q

What is the only “elastic fiber” type present in the PDL?

A

Oxytalan

81
Q

In addition to oxytalan, ____ also may be found within fibers of the gingival ligament

A

Elaunin fibers

82
Q

The PDL is highly ____ and ____

A

Vascularized and innervated

83
Q

PDL ground substance contains ____ water which has a significant effect on the ability of the tooth to ____

A

70%; withstand stress loads

84
Q

The width of the PDL can increase by as much as:

A

50%

85
Q

If the width of the PDL increases, what also increases?

A
  • principal fiber bundles increase greatly in thickness
  • alveolar bone becomes thicker
86
Q

Healing of extraction wounds depends on:

A

Blood clot (loss of which leads to dry socket, very painful)

87
Q

The blood supply of the PDL involves many ____

A

Arteriovenous anastomoses

88
Q

Lymphatic vessels follow ____ in the PDL

A

Venous drainage

89
Q

What type of cementum contains no cells and no extrinsic or intrinsic collagen fibers apart from mineralized ground substance?

A

Acellular afibrillar cementum

90
Q

Acellular afibrillar cementum is a product of:

A

Cementoblasts

91
Q

What type of cementum is almost entirely densely packed with bundles of Sharpey’s fibers and lacks cells?

A

Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC)

92
Q

Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC) is found at:

A

Cervical third of roots and may extend further apically

93
Q

Principal tissue of attachment (cementum)

A

Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC)

94
Q

What is the cementum found on incisors and canines?

A

Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC) - extends to apical foramen

95
Q

_____ cementum contains extrinsic and intrinsic fibers, and may contain cells

A

Cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC)

96
Q

_____ is a co-product of fibroblasts and cementoblasts

A

Cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC)

97
Q

____ cementum is found in the apical third of roots, apices, and furcation areas

A

Cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC)

98
Q

What cementum contains cells but no extrinsic collagen fibers?

A

Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC)

99
Q

Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC) is formed by _____ and fills _____

A

Cementoblasts; resorption lacunae

100
Q

Ill defined zone near CDJ of certain teeth that contains remnants of HERS embedded in calcified ground substance

A

Intermediate cementum

101
Q

Alveolar bone proper is seen as the ____ in radiographs

A

Lamina dura

102
Q

The alveolar bone proper contains _____ through which neurovascular bundles link the PDL with the cancellous bone (alveolar bone)

A

Cribriform plate

103
Q

_____ is necessary for successful implant placement

A

Adequate bone and soft tissue health

104
Q

Bone lamellae is thicker in:

A

Mandible (compared to maxilla)

DEN 7111 Development (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions