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Anatomy > Exam 3- Respiratory and Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Exam 3- Respiratory and Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which part(s) of the autonomic nervous system innervates the smooth muscle of the lungs?

A

Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions

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2
Q

What are the tracheal rings only c-chaped instead of being complete rings?

A

Because the esophagus, located posterior to the trachea, must expand to allow passage of solid food

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3
Q

Which one of these is true of lung disease?

A

Adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer in nonsmokers.

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4
Q

Which of these muscles forms part of the vocal cords?

A

Vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles

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5
Q

About how many alveoli are present in human lungs?

A

200 million

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6
Q

In which movie does Chloe announce to her friends that she has “singer’s nodes”?

A

Pitch Perfect

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7
Q

When you open your mouth and look at your throat in the mirror, which region of the pharynx do you see?

A

Oropharynx

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8
Q

Where in the lungs does most of the exchange of O2 and CO2 from the blood occur?

A

Alveoli

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9
Q

In smokers there is often a change of respiratory epithelia from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous epithelium. Why is this significant clinically?

A

Destruction of cilia prevents the clearing of mucus from the respiratory tract

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10
Q

What is the function of club cells?

A

They produce surfactant.

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11
Q

Which one of these epithelial types characterizes respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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12
Q

Which one of these is an effect of epinephrine on the lungs?

A

Bronchiolar dilation.

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13
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium located within the nasal passages?

A

On the roof of the nasal cavities and superior conchae

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14
Q

What is another name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

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15
Q

Blood vessels, being living tissue, need O2 and nourishment also. How do they get it?

A

Through the small vessels called vas vasorum

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16
Q

The word “Thrombogenic” means

A

Tending to form clots

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17
Q

In the image below, which heart valve is being replaced?

A

Mitral valve (valve on the left side of heart, between left atrium and ventricle)

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18
Q

Which of these blood vessels is the major determinant of systemic blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

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19
Q

Which one of these heart chambers has the thickest muscular wall (myocardium)?

A

Left Ventricle

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20
Q

A bulging in one of the larger arteries is known as a(n)

A

Aneurysm

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21
Q

As systole (heart contraction) begins, which heart valves are closed?

A

The two atrioventricular valves

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22
Q

During an inflammatory response, there is a loss of fluid from certain vessels into the surrounding tissues, causing edema. In which vessels is this loss of fluid the greatest?

A

Postcapillary venules

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23
Q

The atrioventricular bundle is made of fibers made of impulse-conducting heart cells. It passes into the inter ventricular system and then branches into.

A

Left and Right bundles.

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24
Q

Chordae tendinae are found in the ______________

A

Right ventricle

25
Q

Nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system increase heart rate. Which nerve decreases heart rate by means of its parasympathetic fibers?

A

CN X

26
Q

You are a blood cell drifting along in the circulatory system. Starting in the right atrium, in which order will you pass through these three valves?

A

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Aortic valve

27
Q

Which of these factors predisposes a person to developing atheroma?

A

A high LDL:HDL ratio.

28
Q

Which two layers of tissue contact each other, allowing the heart to expand and contract with relatively little friction?

A

Visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium.

29
Q

The autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular system includes important receptors. Which one of the following is correct?

A

Baroreceptors sense changes in tension, or pressure of blood flow in the vessels.

30
Q

Which very large vein empties into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

31
Q

The “pacemaker” of the heart is the

A

Sinoatrial node

32
Q

Why is the voice of males in general lower pitched than that of females?

A

The vocal cords are longer and so vibrate at a lower frequency.

33
Q

Which of these is true of the epiglottis?

A

It is composed of elastic cartilage.

34
Q

What is the correct order in which these structures conduct electrical impulses in the heart?

  1. Left and right AV (atrioventricular) bundle branches
  2. Purkinje fibers
  3. Sinoatrial node
A

3, 1, 2

35
Q

Which one of these is true about the various types of paranasal sinuses?

A

They produce mucus

36
Q

Asthma attacks are associated with

A

Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles.

37
Q

A continuous flow of fluid to moisten the olfactory epithelium is produced by the ___________________.

A

Olfactory glands

38
Q

Which one of these is true about baroreceptors in the large arteries?

A

Baroreceptors respond to pressure changes in the carotid artery and aorta.

39
Q

Which one of these is true of laryngitis?

A

It is typically due to viral infection.

It can cause complete but temporary loss of voice.

It is typically associated with edema of the laminae propia.

40
Q

Which of these is NOT true of olfactory neurons, or are they all true?

A

Olfactory neuron axons pierce the cribriform plate.

Olfactory neuron dendrites have cilia.

Olfactory neurons are bipolar.

41
Q

Which is true about heart contraction?

A

Contraction is under involuntary control and regulated by the vagus nerve

42
Q

Which of these types of vessels does not have valves?

A

Capillaries and venules

43
Q

The capillaries of endocrine organs are

A

Fenestrated, to allow passage of hormones into the blood.

44
Q

Which very large vein(s) empties into the right atrium of the heart?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava.

45
Q

Atherosclerosis typically occurs in which type of blood vessels?

A

Elastic and large muscular arteries

46
Q

Which one of these epithelial types characterizes respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

47
Q

Which one of these is a characteristic of intercalated disks?

A

They connect cardiac muscle cells end to end.

48
Q

You are a blood cell drifting along in the circulatory system. Starting in the right atrium, in which order will you pass through these organs/vessels/spaces?

A

Pulmonary valve, Left lung, Left atrium

49
Q

Which structure separates the nasal cavities from the oral cavity?

A

Hard palate

50
Q

The muscle of the left ventricle has Purkinje fibers of the conducting system located in which layer?

A

Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)

51
Q

What are the components of the “blood-air” barrier in the lungs?

A

Type I pneumocytes, capillary endothelial cells, and the fused basal laminae of these two layers.

52
Q

How large is the surface area of the olfactory epithelium?

A

10cm2

53
Q

The fluid that fills the spaces between cells in the surrounding tissue is called

A

Interstitial Fluid

54
Q

Which one of these cell types in the respiratory epithelium secretes mucus?

A

Goblet cells

55
Q

Which one of these is true about the lungs?

A

pneumothorax is the condition in which a lung is partially or fully collapsed

56
Q

Into what part of the pharynx do the Eustachian tubes open?

A

Nasopharynx

57
Q

The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the

A

Parietal cells

58
Q

The cells responsible for the production of pepsinogen are the

A

Chief cells

Anatomy (22 decks)

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