Exam 3- Respiratory and Cardiovascular Flashcards
Which part(s) of the autonomic nervous system innervates the smooth muscle of the lungs?
Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions
What are the tracheal rings only c-chaped instead of being complete rings?
Because the esophagus, located posterior to the trachea, must expand to allow passage of solid food
Which one of these is true of lung disease?
Adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer in nonsmokers.
Which of these muscles forms part of the vocal cords?
Vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles
About how many alveoli are present in human lungs?
200 million
In which movie does Chloe announce to her friends that she has “singer’s nodes”?
Pitch Perfect
When you open your mouth and look at your throat in the mirror, which region of the pharynx do you see?
Oropharynx
Where in the lungs does most of the exchange of O2 and CO2 from the blood occur?
Alveoli
In smokers there is often a change of respiratory epithelia from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous epithelium. Why is this significant clinically?
Destruction of cilia prevents the clearing of mucus from the respiratory tract
What is the function of club cells?
They produce surfactant.
Which one of these epithelial types characterizes respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Which one of these is an effect of epinephrine on the lungs?
Bronchiolar dilation.
Where is the olfactory epithelium located within the nasal passages?
On the roof of the nasal cavities and superior conchae
What is another name for the windpipe?
Trachea
Blood vessels, being living tissue, need O2 and nourishment also. How do they get it?
Through the small vessels called vas vasorum
The word “Thrombogenic” means
Tending to form clots
In the image below, which heart valve is being replaced?
Mitral valve (valve on the left side of heart, between left atrium and ventricle)
Which of these blood vessels is the major determinant of systemic blood pressure?
Arterioles
Which one of these heart chambers has the thickest muscular wall (myocardium)?
Left Ventricle
A bulging in one of the larger arteries is known as a(n)
Aneurysm
As systole (heart contraction) begins, which heart valves are closed?
The two atrioventricular valves
During an inflammatory response, there is a loss of fluid from certain vessels into the surrounding tissues, causing edema. In which vessels is this loss of fluid the greatest?
Postcapillary venules
The atrioventricular bundle is made of fibers made of impulse-conducting heart cells. It passes into the inter ventricular system and then branches into.
Left and Right bundles.
Chordae tendinae are found in the ______________
Right ventricle
Nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system increase heart rate. Which nerve decreases heart rate by means of its parasympathetic fibers?
CN X
You are a blood cell drifting along in the circulatory system. Starting in the right atrium, in which order will you pass through these three valves?
Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Aortic valve
Which of these factors predisposes a person to developing atheroma?
A high LDL:HDL ratio.
Which two layers of tissue contact each other, allowing the heart to expand and contract with relatively little friction?
Visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium.
The autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular system includes important receptors. Which one of the following is correct?
Baroreceptors sense changes in tension, or pressure of blood flow in the vessels.
Which very large vein empties into the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
The “pacemaker” of the heart is the
Sinoatrial node
Why is the voice of males in general lower pitched than that of females?
The vocal cords are longer and so vibrate at a lower frequency.
Which of these is true of the epiglottis?
It is composed of elastic cartilage.
What is the correct order in which these structures conduct electrical impulses in the heart?
- Left and right AV (atrioventricular) bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
- Sinoatrial node
3, 1, 2
Which one of these is true about the various types of paranasal sinuses?
They produce mucus
Asthma attacks are associated with
Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles.
A continuous flow of fluid to moisten the olfactory epithelium is produced by the ___________________.
Olfactory glands
Which one of these is true about baroreceptors in the large arteries?
Baroreceptors respond to pressure changes in the carotid artery and aorta.
Which one of these is true of laryngitis?
It is typically due to viral infection.
It can cause complete but temporary loss of voice.
It is typically associated with edema of the laminae propia.
Which of these is NOT true of olfactory neurons, or are they all true?
Olfactory neuron axons pierce the cribriform plate.
Olfactory neuron dendrites have cilia.
Olfactory neurons are bipolar.
Which is true about heart contraction?
Contraction is under involuntary control and regulated by the vagus nerve
Which of these types of vessels does not have valves?
Capillaries and venules
The capillaries of endocrine organs are
Fenestrated, to allow passage of hormones into the blood.
Which very large vein(s) empties into the right atrium of the heart?
Superior and inferior vena cava.
Atherosclerosis typically occurs in which type of blood vessels?
Elastic and large muscular arteries
Which one of these epithelial types characterizes respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Which one of these is a characteristic of intercalated disks?
They connect cardiac muscle cells end to end.
You are a blood cell drifting along in the circulatory system. Starting in the right atrium, in which order will you pass through these organs/vessels/spaces?
Pulmonary valve, Left lung, Left atrium
Which structure separates the nasal cavities from the oral cavity?
Hard palate
The muscle of the left ventricle has Purkinje fibers of the conducting system located in which layer?
Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)
What are the components of the “blood-air” barrier in the lungs?
Type I pneumocytes, capillary endothelial cells, and the fused basal laminae of these two layers.
How large is the surface area of the olfactory epithelium?
10cm2
The fluid that fills the spaces between cells in the surrounding tissue is called
Interstitial Fluid
Which one of these cell types in the respiratory epithelium secretes mucus?
Goblet cells
Which one of these is true about the lungs?
pneumothorax is the condition in which a lung is partially or fully collapsed
Into what part of the pharynx do the Eustachian tubes open?
Nasopharynx
The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the
Parietal cells
The cells responsible for the production of pepsinogen are the
Chief cells
