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Anatomy > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

How to make an epithelium?

A

-Thin, semi permeable
-Connections between cells
-sheet anchored to something
-regenerative ability
-polarity (apex and base)
-apical specializations (absorption and movement of particles)
-Durability to the environment

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2
Q

Tight junctions

A

-Cytoskeletal component: actin filaments
- Seling of adjacent cells to one another
-movement of particles
-separation of apical and basolateral components of membrane

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3
Q

Adherent junctions

A

-Cytoskeletal component: actin filament
-Link the cytoskeleton of cells
strengthens and stabilizes tight junctions

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4
Q

Desosome

A

-Cytoskeletal component: intermediate filament (keratin)
-strengthens tissue between cells

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5
Q

Hemidesosome

A

-Cytoskeletal component: intermediate filament
-Anchor cytoskeleton to basal lamina

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6
Q

Gap Junctions

A

-NO cytoskeletal component
-Transfer of small molecules and ions between cells

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7
Q

Enemies of tight junctions

A

-Clostridium perfrigens: Food poisoning
-Helicobacter pylori: Gastric ulcers

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8
Q

Apical specializations

A

-Microvilli
-Cilia
-Sterocilia

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9
Q

Microvilli

A

-Absorption epithelia has microvilli on the surface
-Microvilli appears as a brushed border in small intestines
-Increases absorption by increasing surface area

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10
Q

Celiac disease

A

-Gluten sensitivity due to loss of microvilli in the small intestine
-an immune reaction to wheat gluten, which leads to inflammation of the intestines.
-Changes structure of epithelia leading to malabsorption.

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11
Q

Stereocilia

A

-moves cells and fluids along tubes, and they sense movement
-Found in epididymis of males and inner ear sensory cell

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12
Q

Cilia

A

-Long and highly motile: microtubules not microfilaments
-Abundant in columnar and cuboidal cells
- 9 +2 assembly called axonemes

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13
Q

Types of covering (lining) of epithelium

A

-Simple: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
-Stratified: Squamous keratinized, squamous non-keratinized, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional

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14
Q

Simple squamous

A
  • Lining of vesicles and cavities
    -Facilitate movement of viscera
    -Active transport by pinocytosis
    -Secretion of biologically active molecules
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15
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

-Lining of thyroid and ovaries
-Covering and secretion

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16
Q

Simple Columnar

A

-Lining of intestines and gall bladder
-Protection, lubrication, absorption, and secretion

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17
Q

Stratified Squamous Keratinized (dry)

A

-Epidermis
-Protection and prevention of water loss

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18
Q

Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized (moist)

A

-mouth, esophagus, vagina, larynx, anal canal
-Protection, prevention of water loss, and secretion

19
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

-Sweat glands, developing ovarian filaments
-protection and secretion

20
Q

Stratified Transitional

A

-Bladder, uterus, renal calyces
-Protection and distensibility

21
Q

Stratified columnar

A

-Conjuctiva
-Protection

22
Q

Psedustratified

A

-Layers of cells w/ nuclei at different levels. Not all cells reach the surface, but all cells are anchored to the basal lamina
-Lining of trachea, bronchi, and nasal cavity
-Protection, secretion, and cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus

23
Q

Simple secretory cells

A

-Goblet cells: unicellular glands that are scattered secretory cells

24
Q

Exocrine simple glands

A

-Simple tubular
-Branched tubular
-Acinar
Branched Acinar
-Coiled tubular

25
Q

Simple tubular

A

-Mucuous glands of the colon and intestinal glands
-Elongated secretory portion, short or absent duct

26
Q

Branched tubular

A

-Glands in the uterus and stomach
-Several long secretory parts that join one duct

27
Q

Simple coiled tubular

A

-Sweat glands
The secretory portion is long and coiled

28
Q

Simple acinar

A

-Small mucous glands along the urethra
-Rounded sac-like secretory portion

29
Q

Simple branched acinar

A

-sebaceous glands of the skin
-Multiple sac-like secretory portion

30
Q

Exocrine compound glands

A

-Tubular
-Acinar
-Tubuloacinar

31
Q

Compound Tubular

A

-Elongated coiled secretory portions and ducts that lead to larger ducts
-Submucous gland in the duodenum

32
Q

Compound acinar

A

-Several sac-like secretory units
-Exocrine pancreas

33
Q

Compound Tubuloacinar

A

-Salivary glands
-Ducts of tubular and acinar

34
Q

Secretory Epithelia and Glands

A

-Merocrine
-Halocrine
-Apocrine

35
Q

Merocrine Gland

A

-Vesicles release contents by exocytosis
-mucous or serous
-well-developed RER and Golgi complex

36
Q

Serous cells of merocrine glands

A
  • Synthesize proteins such as digestive enzyme
    -Pancreas and parotid salivary glands
37
Q

Mucous cells of merocrine glands

A

-Produce mucins, which are glycoproteins
-Mucins become hydrated and then become mucus

38
Q

Holocrine glands

A

-Cells disintegrate
-Involved in acne: excess secretion of sebum and testosterone in both genders leads to blocked ducts. Commensal bacterium in ducts leads to inflammation

39
Q

Apocrine glands

A
  • Tips of cells with secretion pinch-off
    -Mammary gland
40
Q

Renewal and repair of Epithelium

A

-Epithelia are capable of rapid repair and replacement of apoptotic and damaged cells
-Liver: when damaged or removed healthy liver cells begin proliferation to regenerate their tissue to normal function

41
Q

Abnormal renewal of epithelium

A

-Carcinoma: proliferation of cells no longer under normal control. Both benign and malign tumors

42
Q

Adenocarcinomas

A

-Malign tumors derived from mucus membranes
-Affects glands that secrete such as breast, lungs, colo, prostate, and bladder

43
Q

Squamous cell carcinomas

A

-Flat cells on surface of the skin
-Lining of hollow organs and respiratory and digestive tract
-Anus, cervix, head and neck, and vagina

Anatomy (22 decks)

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