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Anatomy > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblast originate from

A

osteoprogenitor cells and produce the organic components of the matrix including collagen

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2
Q

Osteoblasts are located exclusively at the surfaces of bone matrix as

A

A single layer of cuboidal cells producing a layer of collagen-rich uncalcified material called osteoid

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3
Q

What is calcification?

A

Deposition of calcium salts into the osteoid, followed by remodeling, known as ossification

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4
Q

Important components of osteoid include

A

Collagen and chondroitin sulfate, and GAG.

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5
Q

What causes formation of hydroxyapatite crystals

A

High concentration of Ca++ and PO4 ions

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6
Q

Communication between these structures through which nutrients derived blood vessels diffuse from cell to cell

A

Lacunae and canaliculi

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7
Q

Mechanostat

A

-network of dendritic processes which are part of the osteocytes
-monitors areas where loading has been increasing or decreasing and adjusts ion levels

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8
Q

Lack of exercise leads to

A

decreased bone density because of osteocyte death

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9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Monocyte-derived white blood cells that remodel bone

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10
Q

Two components of bone ECM

A

Inorganic matter: 50% of dry bone weight is inorganic. Hydroxyapatite is the most abundant inorganic compound
-Organic matter: 90% of calcified matrix is collagen

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11
Q

Periosteum and endosteum connective tissue cover

A

external and internal surfaces of all bone

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12
Q

Perforating or sharpey fibers

A

Binds the periosteum to the bone

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13
Q

Periosteal blood vessels

A

Carry metabolites to and from bone cells

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14
Q

Types of bones

A

-Woven bones
-Lamellar bone
-Compact bone
-Cancellous bone

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15
Q

Woven bone (immature bone)

A

-Irregular and random arrangement of cells and collagen
-Developing in growing bones, hard callus of bone fractures

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16
Q

Lamellar bone

A

-Parallel bundles of collagen in thin layers
-Adult bone
-Mature bone ossified

17
Q

Compact bone

A

80% of lamellar bone
Thick outer regions of bones
Cortical bone

18
Q

Cancellous bone

A

20% of lamellar bone
The inner region of bones
Spongy bone, trabecular bone, medullary bone

19
Q

Trabeculae serve a

A

supportive struts providing strength without greatly increasing the bone’s weight

20
Q

Diaphysis

A

The cylindrical part is almost totally compact bone

21
Q

Bone growth involves

A

Continuous resorption of older bone tissue and simultaneously laying down new bone faster than bone renewal

22
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Conflict between osteoclasts and osteoblasts

23
Q

Bone has excellent capacity of repair because

A

-It contains osteoprogenitor stem cells in the periosteum, endosteum, and marrow, and is vascularized

24
Q

Two processes of osteogenesis

A

-Intramembranous ossification
-Endochoral ossfication

25
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

-Osteoblast differentiates directly from mesenchyme and secrete osteoid

26
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

-A preexisting matrix of hyaline cartilage is eroded and invaded by osteoblasts which produce osteoid

27
Q

Longitudinal growth in long bones is regulated by

A

epiphyseal plate which separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

28
Q

The primary ossification center in long bone and the secondary ossification center are separated by

A

Plate of cartilage called the epiphyseal plate

28
Q

Appositional growth

A

Occurs by formation of a periosteal bone collar around the diaphysis

29
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

narrow regions of lower density between the denser ossification

30
Q

Fracture repair

A

-Production of a large hematoma
-Hematoma removed by macrophages and procallus is produced
-Fibrocartilage is replaced by woven bone which forms a hard callus throughout area of fracture
-Woven then remodoles as compact and cancellous bone

31
Q

Calcium are required for

A

activity of many enzymes and proteins

32
Q

The skeleton is

A

90% of the calcium reservoir contained in hydroxyapatite crystals

33
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts and osteocytes to resorb bone matrix and release Ca++

34
Q

Calcitonin

A

Reduces blood calcium levels by opposing the effects of PHT

35
Q

Primary bone tumor

A

Fairly uncommon but osteosarcoma can arise in osteoprogenitor cells

36
Q

Secondary metastatic tumors

A

cancer cells move into bones via circulatory system from malignancies in other organs

Anatomy (22 decks)

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