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Anatomy > Exam 3 - Immune and Digestive systems > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Immune and Digestive systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these applies to cytotoxic T cells?

A

They are also called “Natural Killer” T cells.

They bind to and kill infected cells with a specific antigen

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2
Q

The site of B lymphocyte maturation is the:

A

Red bone marrow

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3
Q

Which of these is true about the immune system?

A

T lymphocytes are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity.

Plasma cells secrete antibodies primarily.

Helper T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies.

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4
Q

Antigen-presenting cells interact with which of the following cells to initiate an immune response?

A

Helper T-lymphocytes

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5
Q

An epitope is

A

The specific region of the antigen to which an antibody binds

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6
Q

Which of the following structures is an example of a Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

A

Palatine tonsil

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7
Q

Which are secondary lymphoid organ?

A

Spleen

Tonsils

Lymph nodes

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8
Q

The site of T lymphocyte maturation and selection is the:

A

Thymus

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9
Q

In the liver, the hepatic artery and portal vein branch into vessels called _______ which run between the liver cells and empty into the central vein.

A

Sinusoids

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10
Q

What of the following classes of enzymes is present in pancreatic secretions?

A

Lipases

Amylases

Proteases

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11
Q

The “savory” or umami taste type detected by taste buds is associated with

A

Certain amino acids such as aspartame

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12
Q

Which are types of cells found in the lamina propria of the gut?

A

Macrophages and lymphocytes

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13
Q

What is the hardest tissue in the human body?

A

Enamel

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14
Q

The large intestine is characterized by all the following EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A

Has a ciliated columnar epithelium

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15
Q

The acinar cells of the pancreas:

A

Contain zymogen granules

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16
Q

Venous blood from the liver normally drains directly into the inferior vena cava through the:

A

Hepatic vein

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17
Q

Bile is secreted by hepatocytes into tiny spaces between to adjacent cells. These spaces are not lined by epithelium, and are known as

A

Bile canaliculi

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18
Q

All the following statements about the esophagus are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION?

A

It has plicae circularis.

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19
Q

It is commonly known that liver cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis, or too much connective tissue in the liver. How does the fibrosis adversely affect liver function?

A

Fibrosis fills the perisinusoidal spaces with excess connective tissue, disrupting the normal architecture, and blocking metabolic exchange.

20
Q

Like the skin, the lining of the anus is composed of

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

21
Q

Which of the following tooth number patterns describes adult human teeth?

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars

22
Q

Which one of these is not a function of liver cells?

A

Mobilization of calcium from the bone

23
Q

The cells responsible for the production of pepsinogen are the:

A

Chief cells

24
Q

One type of salivary gland secretions aids in the immune response. What is the name of this substance?

A

Not lipase, mucus, or amylase

25
Q

From stomach to colon, what is the order of the parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

26
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls the release of saliva from the salivary glands. What is the function of mucus in saliva?

A

Moisten and lubricate food, as well as the oral cavity

27
Q

Which of the following structures/cells is found in the ascending colon?

A

Goblet cells

28
Q

The cells that are responsible for the production of antimicrobial substances are the:

A

Paneth cells

29
Q

During a colonoscopy an endoscope is used to examine the large intestine and distal portion of the small intestine. After entering the rectum through the anal sphincter, the scope will pass through the entire colon and then enter the small intestine. To enter the small intestine, the endoscope will pass through the:

A

Ileocecal valve

30
Q

Which of these is a primary lymphoid organ?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

31
Q

Mast cells are active in which of these processes?

A

Secretion of vasodilators

32
Q

T/F An antigen may have a variety of epitopes.

A

TRUE

33
Q

T/F Antigens can be free molecules or they can be components of a cell.

A

TRUE

34
Q

The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the:

A

Parietal cells

35
Q

Why are the lacteal lymph vessels called “lacteals”?

A

Because the lipid-rich liquid they absorb appears milky

36
Q

Which substance cause capillaries to dilate and become leaky during inflammation?

A

histamine

37
Q

All the following structures increase the surface area of the small intestine EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A

Lacteals

38
Q

What is the primary function of the colon?

A

Reabsorb water

39
Q

Which one of these is not part of the MALT?

A

Lymph nodes

40
Q

Which of these is a function of lymph nodes?

A

Add antibodies to the lymph

Phagocytose antigens

Filter lymph

41
Q

Which of these is a function of the spleen?

A

Filter antigens from the blood

Remove old RBCs

Production of antibodies and activated lymphocytes

42
Q

The pancreas is distinctive from most other other organs in having

A

Both endocrine and exocrine function

43
Q

Tooth sockets are called…

A

Dental alveoli

44
Q

Macrophages function in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. They are derived from WBCs called

A

Monocytes (none of the rest)

45
Q

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

A

Hepatitis lobule

46
Q

All the following immune cells form memory cells during the immune response EXCEPT ONE. Which cell type is the EXCEPTION?

A

Macrophages

47
Q

Which is not true of leucocytes?

A

they have hemogibling

Anatomy (22 decks)

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