Exam 3 - Immune and Digestive systems Flashcards
Which of these applies to cytotoxic T cells?
They are also called “Natural Killer” T cells.
They bind to and kill infected cells with a specific antigen
The site of B lymphocyte maturation is the:
Red bone marrow
Which of these is true about the immune system?
T lymphocytes are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity.
Plasma cells secrete antibodies primarily.
Helper T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies.
Antigen-presenting cells interact with which of the following cells to initiate an immune response?
Helper T-lymphocytes
An epitope is
The specific region of the antigen to which an antibody binds
Which of the following structures is an example of a Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
Palatine tonsil
Which are secondary lymphoid organ?
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
The site of T lymphocyte maturation and selection is the:
Thymus
In the liver, the hepatic artery and portal vein branch into vessels called _______ which run between the liver cells and empty into the central vein.
Sinusoids
What of the following classes of enzymes is present in pancreatic secretions?
Lipases
Amylases
Proteases
The “savory” or umami taste type detected by taste buds is associated with
Certain amino acids such as aspartame
Which are types of cells found in the lamina propria of the gut?
Macrophages and lymphocytes
What is the hardest tissue in the human body?
Enamel
The large intestine is characterized by all the following EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Has a ciliated columnar epithelium
The acinar cells of the pancreas:
Contain zymogen granules
Venous blood from the liver normally drains directly into the inferior vena cava through the:
Hepatic vein
Bile is secreted by hepatocytes into tiny spaces between to adjacent cells. These spaces are not lined by epithelium, and are known as
Bile canaliculi
All the following statements about the esophagus are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION?
It has plicae circularis.
It is commonly known that liver cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis, or too much connective tissue in the liver. How does the fibrosis adversely affect liver function?
Fibrosis fills the perisinusoidal spaces with excess connective tissue, disrupting the normal architecture, and blocking metabolic exchange.
Like the skin, the lining of the anus is composed of
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following tooth number patterns describes adult human teeth?
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
Which one of these is not a function of liver cells?
Mobilization of calcium from the bone
The cells responsible for the production of pepsinogen are the:
Chief cells
One type of salivary gland secretions aids in the immune response. What is the name of this substance?
Not lipase, mucus, or amylase
From stomach to colon, what is the order of the parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The autonomic nervous system controls the release of saliva from the salivary glands. What is the function of mucus in saliva?
Moisten and lubricate food, as well as the oral cavity
Which of the following structures/cells is found in the ascending colon?
Goblet cells
The cells that are responsible for the production of antimicrobial substances are the:
Paneth cells
During a colonoscopy an endoscope is used to examine the large intestine and distal portion of the small intestine. After entering the rectum through the anal sphincter, the scope will pass through the entire colon and then enter the small intestine. To enter the small intestine, the endoscope will pass through the:
Ileocecal valve
Which of these is a primary lymphoid organ?
Bone marrow
Thymus
Mast cells are active in which of these processes?
Secretion of vasodilators
T/F An antigen may have a variety of epitopes.
TRUE
T/F Antigens can be free molecules or they can be components of a cell.
TRUE
The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the:
Parietal cells
Why are the lacteal lymph vessels called “lacteals”?
Because the lipid-rich liquid they absorb appears milky
Which substance cause capillaries to dilate and become leaky during inflammation?
histamine
All the following structures increase the surface area of the small intestine EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Lacteals
What is the primary function of the colon?
Reabsorb water
Which one of these is not part of the MALT?
Lymph nodes
Which of these is a function of lymph nodes?
Add antibodies to the lymph
Phagocytose antigens
Filter lymph
Which of these is a function of the spleen?
Filter antigens from the blood
Remove old RBCs
Production of antibodies and activated lymphocytes
The pancreas is distinctive from most other other organs in having
Both endocrine and exocrine function
Tooth sockets are called…
Dental alveoli
Macrophages function in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. They are derived from WBCs called
Monocytes (none of the rest)
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
Hepatitis lobule
All the following immune cells form memory cells during the immune response EXCEPT ONE. Which cell type is the EXCEPTION?
Macrophages
Which is not true of leucocytes?
they have hemogibling
