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Anatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

General Characteristics of Connective Tissue

A

-Support and connect tissue
-Maintains water as an interstitial fluid for nutrient and metabolic diffusion
-Made of ECM rather than cells

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2
Q

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is composed of

A

-Protein fibers and ground substance

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3
Q

Connective tissue proper forms

A

Stroma, which supports organs’ unique functional component or parenchyma

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4
Q

What is mesenchyme

A

Embryonic connective tissue
-Uniformly and undifferentiated cells that form gel-like in the matrix with collagen fibers

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5
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

-Loose connective tissue
-Dense irregular connective tissue
-Dense regular connective tissue
-Embryonic connective tissue
-Specialized connective tissue

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6
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

-more ground substance than collagen
-Lining of the digestive tract
-Surround small blood vessels and areas around other epithelia

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7
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

-Randomly distributed bundles of collage and elastic fiber
-Dermis, organ capsules, submucosa layer of the digestive tract
-Provides resistance from tearing from all directions and elasticity.

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8
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

-Ligaments, tendons, and corneal stroma
-Provides strength but does not stretch

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9
Q

Embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme and mucoid tissue

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10
Q

Mucoid tissue

A

-Gel-like connective tissue found in blood vessels in the umbilical cord
-Contains hyaluronan, fibroblast and ECM

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11
Q

Specialized connective tissue

A

-Bone marrow, pancreas, liver, all lymphoid organs except thymus.
-Delicate network of type III collagen

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12
Q

Hyaluronic acid is abundant in

A

embryonic mesenchyme.
-it binds cells together, lubricates joints, and attracts water

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13
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

-Type of glycosaminoglycan
-Disaccharide units of chondroitin are used to supplement joint health

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14
Q

Fiber Types

A

-Collagen fibers
-Reticular fibers
-Elastic fibers

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15
Q

Collagen Fibers

A
  • Most important and abundant
    -protein with 20 related types
    -Forms fibers, sheets/networks. and anchors for other collagens
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16
Q

Reticular fibers

A

-Abundant in lymphoid and immune tissue
-Delicate network of type III collagen
The stain is very dark silver.

17
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

-Composed of elastin and fibrillin
-Found in skin, lungs, arteries, veins, connective tissue proper, elastic cartilage, periodontal tissue, fetal tissue and other tissues that undergo stretching

18
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (brittle bone)

A

-Caused by the change of ONE nucleotide in the gene for type III collagen

19
Q

Scurvy

A

-Environmentally induced due to lack of vitamin C
-Results in mouth ulcers and hemorrhages

20
Q

Fibroblasts connective tissue

A

-Major and permanent cells of connective tissue
-Elongated, irregular shaped with oval nuclei
-Synthesize and secrete most components of ECM including fiber

21
Q

Macrophages

A

-White blood cells that differentiate from precursor blood cells called monocytes
-Function in phagocytosis of dead cells and debris, and antigen presentation to lymphocytes
-They attack any cells lacking the proteins of healthy body cells

22
Q

Monocytes

A

-A type of bone marrow cell that travels in the blood.
-Will differentiate into macrophages as well as a number of other cell types

23
Q

Mast cells

A

-White blood cells that are part of the immune system
-Basophilic due to their secretory granules
-Release vasoactive agents and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions and tissue repair

24
Q

Increased vascular permeability is caused by

A

-substances such as histamine released from mast cells

25
Q

Edema

A

-Increased blood flow and vascular permeability produce local tissue swelling
-Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid

26
Q

Intermediate hypersensitivity reaction

A

-They occur within a few minutes after re-exposure of an individual already synthesized to that antigen

27
Q

Plasma cells

A

-White blood cells that release large amounts of antibodies

28
Q

Ground substance is important in

A

water balance, especially in capillaries and surrounding tissues

29
Q

Glycoproteins

A

-Proteins with glycan attached
-Found in blood, ECM, and plasma membrane
-Functions from antibodies and hormones

30
Q

How does skin repair happen?

A

-Blood quickly cloths the wound site releasing blood factors and other substances
-Macrophages and neutrophils enter the wound as inflammation begins
- Epithelial cells from cute edges migrate beneath and through blood cloths
-Fibroblast proliferate and produce new collagen to form granulation tissue
-Epidermis re-establishes continuity over wound.

Anatomy (22 decks)

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